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6 Things to Consider, According to a Psychologist
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Key Takeaways
- Communication is important in a relationship, especially because autistic people might not pick up on hints or flirting.
- Autistic people often have sensory sensitivities, so consider their needs when planning activities or dates.
Language note: Although individual preferences exist, surveys of the autistic community consistently show that autistic people prefer identity-first language rather than person-first language (i.e., “autistic person” rather than “person with autism”). This article reflects that community language preference.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders categorizes autism as a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by social and communication differences as well as behaviors that fall outside of neurotypical expectations. These differences in brain function can make the experience of dating and finding a romantic partner a lot different from that of a neurotypical individual.
These experiences are even exhibited on popular shows like Love on the Spectrum and Atypical, which prove that finding love when you’re autistic is very possible, it just might take a little extra intentionality.
Many studies show that autistic adults are less likely to be married than allistic adults (AKA, someone who isn’t on the autism spectrum), though barriers to diagnosis and study limitations make it difficult to determine exact numbers. However, when surveyed, many autistics who want to be in romantic relationships report challenges in this area.
Autistic people are more likely than non-autistic people to be asexual or aromantic (meaning they do not experience sexual and/or romantic attraction). However, autistic people who experience sexual and romantic attraction often report challenges in these relationships. An anonymous autistic person who agreed to speak to me for this article shared that an allistic person dating an autistic person is comparable to intercultural dating.
Communication Is Key
Wendela Whitcomb Marsh, autism advocate and CEO of Adult Autism Assessment, is the author of several books, including Dating While Autistic: Cut Through the Social Quagmire and Find Your Person. She says that autistic people often experience challenges when dating that their non-autistic peers might not consider—this includes communication:
“Communication is important for any couple getting to know each other, and this can be particularly challenging for autistic people. Flirting that includes subtle nonverbal cues or verbal double entendres can easily be missed or misunderstood,” says Marsh.
Autistic people whose partners are not autistic can experience differences in communication styles, referred to in research as the double empathy problem. Non-autistic people often use hints, tone, and subtle cues to communicate a message, which many autistic people do not pick up on.
Brad, an autistic person who has been married for more than 20 years, shared, “You are more likely to get more unfiltered truth from an autistic person. This can be endearing, especially when you’re getting to know someone, but it can also be infuriating, such as in difficult moments where you wanted tenderness but got autistic bluntness.”
Conversely, autistic people may engage in a more direct communication style, which can be perceived as rude or disrespectful to neurotypical folks but is often appreciated by other autistics. Marsh recommends that non-autistic partners be patient and avoid assuming intent that was not explicitly indicated.
Additionally, she says that autistic people can be upfront about their communication differences: “It’s okay to say something like, ‘I’m the kind of person who doesn’t pick up on hints and flirting. If someone likes me I hope they will come right out and tell me.’” Many of the autistics I spoke with in writing this article noted that they struggle with recognizing flirting.
For example, GTM shared, “I was really clueless about whether anyone wanted to or did not want to date me. After the fact, I learned about many people who were flirting with me, and I had no idea.” Regarding communication, he said: “Best bet: always be open to working out different arrangements of communication and reciprocity and consent whenever entering into a relationship with an autistic person (or any person, maybe).”
Wendela Whitcomb Marsh, Author and Autism Advocate
It’s okay to say something like, ‘I’m the kind of person who doesn’t pick up on hints and flirting. If someone likes me I hope they will come right out and tell me.’
— Wendela Whitcomb Marsh, Author and Autism Advocate
Your Autistic Life (YAL), an autistic writer who shares his experiences, shared that he prefers online communication. Autistic people may like the option of online dating, as they can view an introduction to the other person before communicating, can take time to process words without having to make an immediate response, and can think about their preferred response before answering.
ND Dev, an autistic married man, has an allistic wife: “[Helen] sensitive to people’s needs, intuitive about personal matters, and instinctively supportive when someone needs help—but also rational, practical, hard-working, methodical and intelligent. It’s a rare mix in a person. (Sorry, she’s taken.)” ND Dev noted that autistics do not always show their feelings in ‘conventional’ ways. For example, “Unmasking (such as reduced eye contact or sitting together but apart) can look like withdrawal, but is a sign of intimacy and trust.”
Pay Attention to Sensory Sensitivities
Many autistic people experience sensory input differently than non-autistic people, often being more in tune with certain stimuli to the point that they experience distress or overwhelm as a result. This can include becoming overstimulated in environments with a lot of sound and activity, much like many traditional “date” settings like restaurants, concerts, and other social gatherings.
Autistic people can also experience hyposensitivity which can allow for additional capacity for sensory experiences. This often leads autistic people to seek out BDSM and other kinks to fulfill those sensory needs.
Marsh recommends remembering that a date can be anything, and you can suggest activities that are a better fit for your sensory needs: “It’s smart to take both partners’ sensory sensitivities into consideration when choosing what to do on a date.” This might mean going for a walk in nature or going to a restaurant or bar you know is going to be a bit quieter.
Outside of set dates, partners can remember each others’ sensory needs through their day-to-day life. For example, ND Dev shared, “Sometimes, an autist may genuinely need time alone. It doesn’t mean your relationship has turned sour or that you’re a failure for being unable to help.” As you get to know each other and your relationship grows, you can tell each other what your needs are and how you cope with them. Remember that this is an ongoing conversation, as sensory needs can change over time.
Some Love Touch, Some Don’t
Autistic people can be more sensitive to physical touch compared to non-autistic people. This can manifest as discomfort with physical touch or a stronger need for touch. Even if both partners are autistic, they may have opposite needs and comfort levels around physical touch. It is important to clearly communicate boundaries and needs, with ongoing discussion about what each partner is ready for and comfortable with.
If you need time to become comfortable with physical touch, you can tell your partner that you are not yet ready but may get there in the future. You can also communicate that you do not think you will ever feel comfortable with a certain kind of touch. Both of these experiences are valid and okay.
Like all abuse survivors, autistic people might struggle to feel comfortable communicating their boundaries around physical touch if they have survived past abuse. One study showed that autistic people are more likely to experience both physical and sexual abuse compared to the non-autistic population.
Marsh emphasizes the importance of respecting boundaries around physical touch: “No one, male, female, non-binary, autistic or in the neuromajority, should ever feel pressured to engage in any kind of touch that feels uncomfortable.”
Make Time to Process Emotions
Sensory sensitivities for autistic people do not just manifest through sight, sound, taste, scent, and touch. Many autistic people also experience emotions very intensely, and it can create challenges in processing, regulating, and expressing what they are feeling. This can lead to tension as romantic feelings are often very intense, especially in the early stages of a relationship.
Marsh recommends taking things slowly to allow space for managing these big feelings: “Dating is already a bit of an emotional roller coaster, with high hopes and expectations.” Partners can communicate needs with each other and take a step back when they need to to ensure that they have the space to process emotions in a healthy way.
Similarly, YAL shared that it is essential that allistic partners need to make efforts to understand their autistic partner’s processing and perception: “The fact that your partner is ND tells you that their brain is not structured to *perceive the world* in the same way you do. If you ignore this, then you are putting a strain on your relationship.”
Special Interests
Autistic people might find they connect well with partners who share their special interests. Marsh says that those looking for dating partners might find like-minded people in clubs or groups focused around special interests.
According to ND Dev, “Be tolerant when your partner gets hung up on things that you don’t find important. There’s usually a reason.”
For mixed-neurotype couples or for those who do not share special interests, sharing their partner’s special interest can help them connect: “It can be fascinating to learn about your date’s interests and share about your own.” In fact, as ND Dev noted, autistics express affection in different ways, including by info dumping (sharing extensive information about their special interest).
However, challenges can arise if one partner is heavily focused on their special interest and the other partner is not attentive to this. It can be overwhelming to hear your partner talk about their interest at length, and even non-autistic people can get overstimulated. It is okay to take breaks when you need to. Use open and direct communication to express this need.
Marsh also recommends taking turns talking about special interests so that both partners feel heard.
Coping with Change
Autistic people often need routine and predictability, making it difficult to cope with change. This comes from a need for safety. This can feel inflexible to a non-autistic partner who wants to be spontaneous, and we can never guarantee that plans will not change.
It is important to honor routine and spontaneity so both partners’ needs are met. There are even ways to incorporate both so it doesn’t have to be one or the other in any given situation
Marsh says that it can help to have a “Plan B” in place in case original plans do not work. That way, autistic people that value routine can mentally prepare for this alternative when needed. For example, she shared, “if you’re meeting someone for the first time at a restaurant, create a list of items such as how long you wait before texting them, how many times you text and how long to wait between texts, and what to do if you get stood up. Having a plan for texting if they’re late helps avoid the problem of anxiously sending multiple texts that come across as excessively needy. If you get stood up (it happens), this doesn’t mean anything is wrong with you. Plan how long to wait and then what you will do instead of the date you thought you were going to have. Make it something fun for you that you can do on your own. Knowing that you have a backup plan helps.”
This can also apply to ending relationships; an anonymous autistic person shared with me, “One time I got broken up with and I said ‘ok but not right now please, busy processing other stressors’ and I am pretty sure that person was also autistic in part because they took me at my word and that’s what we did.” While no one is obligated to stay in a relationship they want to end, taking other transitions or changes slowly can help the autistic person adjust.
Final Thoughts
While autistic people can experience challenges in dating and romantic relationships, open communication and understanding of individual, unique needs can reduce anxiety around this process. If you are autistic, know that you can find a partner who understands and meets your needs.
If you are not autistic, you can extend compassion to your partner and help them be comfortable in your relationship. If you are autistic, know that your needs and communication style are valid.
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How Narcissists Use DARVO to Avoid Accountability
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Key Takeaways
- DARVO stands for Deny, Attack, and Reverse Victim and Offender—a tactic used to avoid accountability.
- Narcissists using DARVO can make victims feel responsible for the abuse, leading to self-doubt and mental health issues.
- Educate yourself about DARVO to recognize the pattern and protect your emotional health.
Research shows that between 0.5% to 5% of the general US population have narcissistic personality disorder in the U.S., with a greater prevalence in men than women. However, multitudes are affected by a controlling tactic that many narcissists use called DARVO.
“DARVO is an acronym that stands for Deny, Attack, and Reverse Victim and Offender. It describes a manipulative tactic often used by abusers to avoid taking responsibility for their actions and shift the blame onto their victims,” explains Avigail Lev, PsyD, founder of Bay Area CBT Center and CBTonline.
We’ll discuss what DARVO looks like, its impact on victims, and how to protect yourself if it’s being used against you.
What Does DARVO Look Like?
Knowing the definition of DARVO is one thing; understanding what signs to look for in your relationship is another. Experts say there are specific characteristics to look for to determine if someone is manipulating you in this way.
Denial
Someone adamantly denies being wrong and won’t acknowledge wrong behaviors. A person using this tactic will not only say they are not abusive but will minimize your feelings. If they tell you, “It’s not that big of a deal,” or “You’re making too much of this,” that’s another way to deny the wrong behavior and its impact on you.
Attack
The accused person becomes aggressive, arguing that they are not in the wrong. They also seek to cast doubt on you as the person who is questioning their behavior.
Instead of just refusing to accept responsibility for abusive behavior, this person is actively working to make it look like you are the one who is in the wrong. “Abusers attack the credibility, character, or motives of the victim. They may use insults, threats, gaslighting, or manipulation to discredit the victim’s account of the abuse,” notes Dr. Lev.
Reverse Victim and Offender
The abuser tries to switch roles, arguing that they are the real victim and making the victim look like the offender. The abuser may claim to be unfairly accused, then say that you are making accusations to cover up your own behavior. This attempt to shift blame helps the abuser be seen in a more positive light while inflicting mental and emotional pain on the person already experiencing abuse.
In addition, an abuser will gaslight the victim, making that person wonder if they are crazy or think that what they are experiencing is not actually abuse. An abuser will also likely deflect, trying to switch gears and remove attention from the problematic behavior.
By denying their actions, attacking the person confronting them, and flipping the roles of victim and offender, the narcissist effectively redirects attention away from their own actions, often causing doubt in the victim’s claims.
“By denying their actions, attacking the person confronting them, and flipping the roles of victim and offender, the narcissist effectively redirects attention away from their own actions, often causing doubt in the victim’s claims,” notes Bayu Prihandito, founder of Life Architekture and certified psychology expert.
“The psychology behind DARVO is rooted in a strong need for self-preservation and control. They will often employ this strategy to protect their ego and maintain their desired self-image at all costs,” he adds.
Impact of DARVO
Abusers who use DARVO methods on their victims often achieve the intended results. Studies show that when people saw one person using DARVO tactics on another, the victim was viewed as “less believable,” while the perpetrator was seen as “less abusive and less responsible.” As you can imagine, dealing with that level of manipulation day in and day out takes a massive toll on its victims—physically, mentally, and emotionally.
“DARVO negatively impacts the victim’s mental health because they internalize the false narrative that they are the perpetrator and that the problems in the relationship or abuse are their fault. They convince themselves that they are the cause of their own mistreatment, leading to feelings of self-blame and self-doubt,” Dr. Lev says.
DARVO negatively impacts the victim’s mental health because they internalize the false narrative that they are the perpetrator and that the problems in the relationship or abuse are their fault.
“Being subjected to repeated manipulation through DARVO can lead to … anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, self-doubt, a sense of powerlessness, and narcissistic abuse syndrome as well as pseudo identity/personality, where the victim develops a pseudo personality that echoes and repeats the narcissist’s false self- their grandiose narrative of themselves,” she states.
DARVO survivors also experience post-traumatic stress disorder. The abusive behavior can leave victims feeling isolated and unable to cope, especially when reversing the victim and offender leads to a continual cycle of abuse.
How to Protect Yourself Against DARVO
Once you learn more about DARVO and think you may be the victim of this manipulative tactic, you can take steps to help yourself.
- Educate yourself. Know what signs to look for. When you understand the pattern that DARVO abusers use, you can see it coming. You’ll be able to recognize their tactics and be able to better control and manage your emotions when it happens. “Once recognized, this pattern becomes more predictable and quickly loses some of its power and influence,” Prihandito notes.
- Stand up for yourself. Clearly name what it happening, what you will allow, and what you will not allow.
- Learn what healthy communication looks like in a relationship. Along with saying what you won’t put up with, make sure the abuser knows what you expect.
- Find a support group. Friends and family members can give you the encouragement that you need. “Having a strong support network can help you validate your experiences and counteract the effects of DARVO,” adds Dr. Lev.
- Document your experience. “Keep a record of the abusive incidents, including dates, times, and descriptions. This can also include recordings or videos if your state allows,” Dr. Lev states.
- Get professional help. Mental health professionals who are familiar with and understand narcissistic abuse can be pivotal in your healing journey. “There are a number of therapeutic resources for individuals dealing with DARVO, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and trauma-focused therapy. I would recommend victims to work directly with a licensed professional who can provide customized strategies to cope and heal from this trauma,” says Prihandito.
Of course, if you’re in a situation where the behavior has escalated to physical abuse, or you believe your life is in danger, call 911 and seek help immediately.
Ultimately, what’s most important is that if you are a victim of DARVO, you realize it is not your fault. Confront the reality of what happened and your experience. Seek the help you need to end the cycle of manipulative behavior and heal physically, mentally, and emotionally.
“Victims find it incredibly difficult to come to terms with the fact that the abuse was intentional the entire time. They must accept this in order to break free,” Dr. Lev concludes.
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5 Things To Do Before A Girl Comes Over #DatingTips #DatingAdvice #AdviceForGuys
Fellas, here are 5 things to do before a girl comes over. Save and share this! #datingadvice #datingtips #firstdatetips #firstdates.
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Daddy Issues: Psychology, Causes, Signs, Treatment
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Key Takeaways
- Daddy issues can develop from having a troubled relationship with a father, like neglect or abuse.
- These issues might cause someone to seek attention and validation from older men or have trouble forming healthy relationships.
During childhood, some people have distant relationships with their fathers or no relationship at all. Others might be so close that the relationship becomes unhealthy. Both situations can contribute to developing what people call ‘daddy issues.’ While people use this term often, ‘daddy issues’ are not an official mental health diagnosis.
This article discusses the psychology behind daddy issues, the signs you or someone you know has them, and why healthy relationships with father-like figures are important. You’ll also learn whether or not daddy issues can be treated.
Why Do Some People Have Daddy Issues?
Children who had a troubled relationship with their father while growing up may have difficulty attaching to others as adults. When fathers are neglectful or abusive, this can cause their children to develop an insecure attachment style.
How Do Therapists Feel About the Term ‘Daddy Issues?’?
Some therapists may not like the phrase “daddy issues” because a child shouldn’t be blamed for their parent’s problem. Others say it’s understood that all of us are affected by how we were parented.
Unhealthy parent-child relationships may instill mistrust and uncertainty, leading to daddy issues later in life.
Bianca L. Rodriguez, EdM, LMFT
It’s normal to have attachment issues based on your relationship with your father, mother, or primary caregivers. Your early attachment figures create what I call your ‘intimacy template’—the foundation of how you relate to others as an adult.
— Bianca L. Rodriguez, EdM, LMFT
What Causes Someone to Develop Daddy Issues?
The following are a few factors that can potentially play a role in the development of daddy issues.
Unhealthy Close Bonds
While it’s wonderful to be close to a father figure, in some cases, this bond can cross the line from being healthy and supportive to being unhealthy and damaging.
If someone has a close bond with their father, this might suggest that their father favored them or took especially good care of them, perhaps even spoiled them. It might also be that they resembled their father more than their siblings and were rewarded for it.
One explanation for developing an unhealthy close bond with one’s father figure is if, while growing up, the father was attracted to or treated the child more like a date or romantic partner. This could lead to the child being subjected to mental, emotional, and sexual abuse.
Having a close relationship with your father doesn’t necessarily lead to daddy issues. This term refers more so to exceptionally close relationships that are unhealthy or potentially harmful to one’s mental health.
An Absentee Father
Instead of having an overly involved father, sometimes people with daddy issues grew up with a father who was never around. The father might have worked a lot, left the family, or couldn’t be counted on due to a drug or alcohol problem.
Dads who are physically distant may also be emotionally distant. An emotionally unavailable father also leaves substantial wounds.
To fill that void, someone might constantly need attention and validation from older men to fill the father role. They might seek this older male’s approval, advice, or company to compensate for the lack of physical and emotional closeness they craved as a child.
Sexual Abuse
Young children are vulnerable and trust parents to set appropriate boundaries. Sadly, adults sometimes cross those lines. A parent, stepparent, or another father figure may take advantage of vulnerable children, potentially causing the child to have daddy issues later in life.
Sexual abuse creates complicated feelings in children. They want to love their father figure for taking them out, playing games with them, and caring for them. But they are also in pain because of the abuse.
Children who are abused often blame themselves for what took place. Childhood trauma, neglect, and sexual abuse can cause them to feel shame. It also increases their risk of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Signs of Daddy Issues
How do you know whether you or someone you know may have what is commonly referred to as daddy issues? Below are a few signs to look for.
Only Dating Older Men
A person with daddy issues might only be attracted to older males or father-type replacements. If someone had an unhealthy connection to their father or their father was away for various reasons, older men may be more appealing to date or marry.
Being in a relationship with an older person may make them feel as if they have someone who will protect them. They may yearn for the missing love they never received, whether consciously or subconsciously. Or they might seek an older male who is wealthy or flashy, confident, or seemingly in control.
Someone with daddy issues might use dating apps to zero in on only older men who are financially stable and can take care of them.
If they were the “apple of their father’s eye,” the person with daddy issues may even want to duplicate that relationship and find a partner who worships and adores them. A healthy relationship involves a genuine understanding of and respect for one another as equals—not one partner putting the other on a pedestal.
The danger of a relationship with a vast age difference may lie in a skewed power dynamic. Dating a much older, more successful father figure might force someone into a more passive or victimized position.
Being Jealous or Territorial
If individuals weren’t raised in a consistent, loving environment by their early caregivers, they might struggle to have meaningful relationships as adults. One sign of an attachment issue is being overly anxious or jealous.
Someone with daddy issues may constantly be worried that the person they’re dating is seeing someone else. Or they might imagine that someone is flirting with their partner.
Constantly Needing Reassurance
Rooted in a fear of being abandoned, those with daddy issues sometimes have an insatiable need to receive love. This fear might take the form of requiring constant affection, constant attention, or constant approval.
While the person is genuinely anxious for a deep connection and attachment, they often go about getting it in unhealthy ways. They might repeatedly ask their partner if they are angry at them, for example, or always question whether they made the right decision. Over time, this can take a toll on the relationship.
Abandonment Fears
Another sign of someone with daddy issues is wanting to be in a relationship at any cost. They might jump from one relationship to another because they’re afraid to be alone.
However, people who fear being abandoned may inadvertently drive their partners away if they constantly need reassurance or if they consistently question their partner’s love for them.
Repeating Toxic Patterns
People with daddy issues might be so accustomed to a dysfunctional relationship that they duplicate it over time.
So, it’s possible that someone with daddy issues can consistently seek out toxic relationships because it’s familiar to them.
Why Healthy Relationship With Father Figures Are Important
The importance of fathers being involved in their families is evident. For instance, some studies have found fewer behavioral problems in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who spent a higher quantity of time with their fathers.
Conversely, increased time and involvement with a father in at-risk families don’t contribute to a healthy dynamic. Instead, it can increase adverse behavior problems, especially if the father is physically abusive.
Scientific evidence shows that a physically abusive father can traumatize adolescents and lead to anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal. The adolescent may also mimic their father’s aggressive and violent behavior after spending more time together.
Quality Time Is Essential
Spending lots of time with a father isn’t always ideal. Instead, having more quality time with a healthy father figure may be more critical.
Can ‘Daddy Issues’ Be Treated?
In short, yes. For instance, there are ways to cope with an insecure attachment style by reconciling childhood experiences related to daddy issues and finding new ways to deal with insecurities. A good therapist can help guide those struggling with this.
While you can’t change your past, you can change how you view your childhood and yourself.
Work to Resolve Attachment Issues
To resolve attachment issues and improve emotional regulation skills, those with daddy issues are encouraged to seek out the assistance of a qualified therapist. Counseling can help those wounded by their relationships with their father find new ways to have a healthy and loving partner relationship in the future.
In her practice, Bianca Rodriguez works to identify a client’s attachment style and assess how it impacts their current relationships. If their attachment style impedes their ability to have healthy relationships, she helps them make changes to those behaviors. “This often includes rebalancing core beliefs about their worth, ability to trust others and feel in control of their actions,” Rodriguez says.
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7 Reasons Behind the Gray Divorce Phenomenon
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Key Takeaways
- Gray divorce happens when couples over 50 decide to divorce after long marriages.
- Common reasons for gray divorce include empty nest syndrome and financial disagreements.
- Gray divorce can be financially hard, especially on women, who may face a bigger drop in living standards.
Bill and Melinda Gates. Hugh Jackman and Debora-Lee Jackman. Rhea Perlman and Danny Devito. What do any of these couples have in common? They’re all divorced after decades-long marriages. See, there’s this growing trend of older couples calling it quits. And the research backs this up too—a 2021 report by the U.S. Census Bureau found that more and more couples over the age of 65 are divorcing, after being married for years, if not decades.
Why are older couples—after spending nearly half of their lives together—ending their relationships? This phenomenon, dubbed “gray divorce,” is one explanation for the growing number of single-person US households.
At a Glance
Gray divorce is on the rise, and the reasons behind it are complex and varied. Statistics suggest that Baby Boomers are more prone to divorce, and factors like empty nest syndrome, shifting priorities, financial problems, and reduced stigma surrounding divorce can all play a role. Keep reading to learn more about why divorcing after age 50 is becoming more common and the potential effects this can have on a person’s well-being.
What Is a Gray Divorce?
Gray divorce is often defined as divorce that occurs after the age of 50 following a long-term marriage. These individuals have often been married for many years or decades but ultimately decide to split during the later years of their lives.
Why are so many older couples getting divorced? Whereas younger couples divorce because of incompatible parenting styles or difficult relatives, older divorcees are more likely to split due to empty nest syndrome, infidelity, and financial differences. Instead of fighting over custody of the kids, elderly couples are more likely to argue over pension plans and retirement savings. Divorce can take a massive financial toll, and older adults who are closer to retirement age—or already retired—have less time to recover.
How Common Is Gray Divorce?
One 2022 study looking at historical trends in gray divorce found that divorce rates among middle-aged and older adults have increased since 1970. Gray divorce was relatively uncommon in 1970 and grew only modestly until 1990. In 1990, 8.7% of marriages among people over age 50 ended in divorce. By 2019, that number had grown to 36%.
The researchers also noted that people over the age of 65 are the only age group with growing divorce rates. In contrast, the divorce rate among adults in their 20s and 30s has actually declined in recent years.
Generational Influences
One explanation for growing gray divorce rates is that Baby Boomers—adults born between 1946 and 1964—make up the bulk of the age group over 50 and this generation is more likely to divorce than older and younger generations. Boomers were more likely to divorce during their younger adult years, and their divorce rates have also continued to rise as they age.
Other factors that increase the risk for gray divorce include the number of previous marriages and the number of years a person has been married. Remarriages are less likely to last, and people who have been married nine years or less are more likely to divorce.
While length of marriage is a risk factor for gray divorce, many couples who split after the age of 50 have been in marriages lasting decades. According to statistics by the Pew Research Center, 34% of gray divorces are between couples married for at least 30 years, and 12% are between couples married 40 years or longer.
Factors Contributing to Gray Divorce
So why are many couples opting to split after weathering many of the challenges they’ve faced earlier in their relationship? The reasons why a long-term couple opts for divorce vary from one situation to the next. Some common factors that appear to play a major role include:
Empty Nest Syndrome
Kids leaving the home can create a big shift in a relationship, sometimes resulting in what is commonly called “empty nest syndrome.” Couples may find that once their children no longer live at home, they have little in common outside of their roles as parents. This can make it hard to find closeness and connection, leading many adults to seek fulfillment outside their relationship.
“For many couples, the children have been the source of their connection,” says Kimberley Best, RN, MA, a dispute resolution expert and founder of Best Conflict Solutions. “When the children are gone, some couples realize they have drifted apart and no longer have shared interests or a strong connection.”
Financial Issues
Arguments over money can become more pronounced as couples near retirement age. It becomes harder to find common ground and maintain the peace, as people contemplate leaving the workforce. Financial infidelity—such as hiding bills, large purchases, debts, or secret bank accounts—can also affect the stability of a long-term marriage.
Retirement plans may hang in the balance when a couple’s financial behavior and goals are out of sync. Ending the relationship may sometimes seem like the only way to resolve such differences.
Infidelity
Cheating is one of the most common reasons for divorce at any age, including among older couples. Infidelity is a bitter betrayal. After spending a lifetime building shared memories with another person, watching it crumble down due to unfaithfulness can make it too difficult to repair the trust and intimacy a couple once shared.
Health Problems
Health challenges like a serious chronic condition can majorly strain a relationship. Some couples find that they’re unable to handle health issues that emerge as they age.
Notably, research indicates there is a gender disparity in how health problems affect couples. Studies reported a higher divorce risk if the wife develops a chronic illness, whereas men who become disabled or ill do not face the same level of risk.
Growing Apart
One of the most significant causes of gray divorce is the changes people experience as they age. Growing apart is the most frequently cited reason for divorce at any age. For older adults specifically, aging represents a big change, and people’s priorities, interests, and needs may shift as they grow older.
Some couples might grow closer during this time, but others might find their values and priorities too different, leading some couples to choose separate paths.
Changing Expectations
Our expectations for what we consider a healthy, satisfying marriage have also changed over time. Today, couples are more likely to place a greater emphasis on how the relationship makes them feel, including whether it contributes to their overall happiness and fulfillment. When a relationship or a person’s needs shift, it may no longer meet these criteria, which is why some people may opt to end things.
Societal Changes
Societal changes have also influenced this relationship upheaval. Older adults were often raised with the expectation that they would marry, have children, and grow old together. Today, many now recognize that there is no one-size-fits-all path to a happy life, and women have more freedom and financial independence to past generations.
“The majority of all divorces are initiated by women, and this is true for gray divorce as well,” explains Kate Engler, LMFT, CST, a licensed couples and sex therapist at Three Points Relationships. “In the last 50 years, women have gained greater economic independence and have held and maintained their own careers. This has created more options for women on many fronts, including deciding to divorce.”
As a result, people are less likely to stay in marriages that don’t meet their needs, even if it means calling it quits after spending decades together. Engler notes that other factors such as increased life expectancy have also played a part.
“With increased life expectancy, many people—particularly women—look down the road at what remains of their life and think, ‘Why would I want to spend these years in a bad marriage? I still have a life to live, and I want to be happy,'” she adds.
One study found that attitudes toward divorce have become more supportive among people over the age of 50. Reduced stigma around the idea of divorce may also lead people to choose to leave rather than stay in an unhappy or unsatisfying relationship.
Financial Considerations in Gray Divorce
It’s important to note that divorce can have serious financial consequences for couples that end their marriages later in life.
“Gray divorce can be financially devastating to both parties,” Best explains. “Often people are saving for a joint retirement. This will likely be split with divorce, leaving people with far less income than they anticipated.”
While divorce has economic impacts at any age, some considerations that are particularly significant for middle-aged and older adults include:
- Dividing assets: This involves splitting up financial resources, possessions, and property that have been accumulated over the course of a marriage. This can include the shared home and any savings, investments, pensions, and other personal possessions. Laws about how these assets are divided vary by state, so they may become the source of considerable contention.
- Retirement savings: Splitting retirement savings can affect how much each person has available to support themselves during retirement.
- Healthcare costs: Gray divorce can also affect healthcare expenses. One spouse may lose access to insurance benefits previously provided by their partner, which can be a significant concern for older adults with increased health concerns.
- Housing and legal expenses: Other costs associated with divorce, including housing expenses and legal fees, can add up quickly.
Gray Divorce Can Reduce Financial Security
Evidence indicates that a late-life divorce has a major effect on an individual’s financial situation and well-being. For example, research has shown that gray divorcees have less financial security than their married or widowed peers.
While both men and women take a significant financial hit, evidence indicates there is a gender disparity in these effects. This risk is particularly high for gray divorced women, as they receive lower Social Security benefits, and 25% of them experience poverty.
Men and women both feel the financial toll, but the effect on women is much larger. One study found women who divorce after the age of 50 experience a 45% drop in their standard of living, compared to men who experience a 21% drop.
On the societal level, older couples who divorce can create challenges for an already strained housing market. Finding housing that is affordable, accessible, and safe for the needs of an aging population can be particularly difficult.
Emotional and Psychological Impact of Gray Divorce
Gray divorce also has profound emotional effects. It’s a significant life change at any age, but this transition can be especially difficult when it happens after a long-term marriage. Elderhood is often a point where many people feel settled but gray divorces can have their sense of security upended.
Grief and Loss
It’s normal for people to feel a sense of grief and loss when they let go of a shared connection and the dreams and hopes they once shared together. For some, the loss of what was one of the most significant relationships in their life can feel very much like experiencing the death of a loved one.
Engler explains that people often experience what is known as “ambiguous loss,” characterized by feelings of grief. This loss is considered ambiguous because while the person is still out there, they are no longer present in your life.
Stress, Anxiety, and Depression
The mental health effects of gray divorce are also important to consider. Some people experience a sense of renewal and freedom as they let go of a relationship that no longer serves them. Others, particularly those who didn’t initiate the divorce, may be left struggling with feelings of stress, anxiety, or depression.
“When a lifetime partnership ends, they must find a way to readjust and rethink what brings them meaning, purpose, and connection,” explains Michelle Feng, MD, Chief Clinical Officer at the behavioral healthcare team of Executive Mental Health. “Divorce can take away some of the built in structure of interacting with others that occurs as a couple and a family. Without it, we can feel aimless, not a part of the rest of society, and lonely.”
Loss of Identity
A loss of identity might also be a consequence of gray divorce. People are forced to grapple with changes to their sense of self and find ways to redefine themselves outside of their marriage. A person’s self-esteem and self-worth can also take a hit. They may be left struggling with feelings of inadequacy and rejection.
Loneliness and Isolation
Older adults are particularly at risk for experiencing loneliness as they grow older, and that risk can be heightened following a late-life divorce. One report found that one-third of people over age 45 and one-quarter of those over 65 are considered socially isolated.
The loss of a partner, changes in their social networks, and the challenges of adjusting to life as a single person can make a person feel overwhelmed and alone.
Engler notes that loneliness is a problem she sees often in her own practice, particularly among men. “They typically focused their time and energy on work throughout their lives, often letting friendships lapse or they leaned heavily on their wives to maintain their social life,” she says. “Once divorced, they find themselves without the skills or confidence to do it on their own.”
Social isolation and loneliness are linked to a higher risk for health problems, including dementia, coronary artery disease, and stroke.
Health Effects
Gray divorce can also have a range of health effects. In general, marriage is associated with better health and greater longevity. Married people tend to be healthier and live longer than their unmarried counterparts.
While that might be the case more generally, that doesn’t mean that each individual marriage is good for a person’s health. An unhappy marriage can be a source of considerable stress and strife, which is associated with a range of negative health effects.
In such instances, a low-quality marriage may actually lead to worse health outcomes. For people in unhealthy relationships, ending the marriage may ultimately have a positive impact on overall health and well-being.
Maintaining Health and Wellness During Gray Divorce
Gray divorce can be a major transition, but there are steps you can take to help maintain your health and well-being if you decide to split from your partner later in life.
Feng stresses that separation and divorce are highly personal. “Don’t let the statistics make you afraid or drive you in a way that is not in line with what you want to do,” she says. “It is easier now to get a divorce, although still difficult financially. But like any great lifestyle change, it will require a period of adjustment.”
The experts we spoke to suggest taking the following steps to protect your well-being and help you thrive following a divorce:
Find Support
Having the support of friends and family is pivotal. Loneliness is a common problem for older single adults, so maintaining social connections outside of your marriage can help mitigate this risk.
Get out of the house and interact with other people. Join a class, go to the park, volunteer. Whether it’s with people you know or complete strangers, do something to reactivate that social part of you. The more you engage, the easier this new stage of life becomes.
—
DR. MICHELLE FENG, MD
Give Yourself Time
While divorce is difficult at any age, ending a long-term relationship might be harder to process. Give yourself time and grace as you navigate these complex emotions. It’s normal to feel grief, sadness, anger, bitterness, and relief.
Set Boundaries
Create and maintain boundaries with your ex, as well as with kids and friends who may feel the need to express their opinions about the end of your relationship.
Practice Self-Care
The sudden change in your routine, relationships, and living situation can throw a wrench into your normal self-care routine. That’s why it is important to make an effort to maintain routines and stick with your self-care goals.
Talk to a Financial Counselor
Because financial and economic changes are common after a gray divorce, consider talking to a financial professional. They can help you develop a budget appropriate for your new financial situation and help manage debt, so you’re better prepared for your financial future.
Manage Stress
Divorce is stressful, and dealing with the changes you’re experiencing can sometimes make it hard to cope. Look for relaxation techniques that can help combat symptoms of stress. Deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, yoga, mindfulness, and meditation are just a few you might try.
Cultivate New Connections
The reality is that your relationships will likely change after a gray divorce. You may spend less time with many of your shared friends or even lose those relationships altogether. That’s why it’s so important to seek out new social connections as you rebuild your life as a single person. This can involve making new friends, or it might even include eventually dating again, whether that involves casual dating or seeking a new long-term partner.
As hard as it can feel to do this, try to push the edges of your comfort zone when you can. Try new things, meet new people, and do the things you always wanted to do but didn’t when you were married. The clients I see do this and end up feeling empowered and fulfilled in ways they never imagined they could.
—
KATE ENGLER, LMFT, CST
Resources and Support for Gray Divorcees
While divorce signifies the end of one of the most significant and long-lasting relationships in your life, that doesn’t mean that you need to go it alone. There are a variety of resources and support networks that can help gray divorcees navigate the challenges that come from these later-in-life events.
“Finding support and community are critical during and after a divorce,” Engler says. “Find a therapist. Find a support group. Find other people who have experienced divorce, understand what you have been through, and don’t judge you.”
A few options include:
Family and Friends
Friends, family, and loved ones can be one of your most powerful forms of support. In addition to offering practical assistance and guidance (since they may have experience with their own divorces), trusted friends and family members can also be a source of companionship and emotional support.
Mental Health Professionals
For divorcees struggling with the aftereffects of a divorce, a licensed mental health professional can be a valuable source of insight and support. Talking to a therapist can help you process your emotions, develop new coping strategies, and make a plan for how to deal with some of the challenges you will face during and after a divorce.
Financial Advisors
Since gray divorce has significant financial implications, it’s important to work with a qualified financial planner or advisor. Look for someone with experience advising divorced clients, so you can receive the best possible guidance on how to budget, plan for retirement, and manage your debts.
Legal Experts
Talk to a divorce attorney to learn more about your legal rights and obligations as you navigate your divorce. Best also recommends seeking help from a mediator/conflict manager to resolve disputes that arise during a gray divorce.
“Mediation is a confidential, blame-free, nonjudgmental way to be heard, to listen to the underlying needs, and to try to design a way forward that works for both parties and their circles of influence,” she explains. “If you decide being apart is best, you can work together with a mediator to decide how to do that.”
Support Groups
Look in your area or check online for a divorce support group. You might join a more general group or one that is specifically geared toward older adults. This can be a great way to learn from others, gain validation, and build a sense of community with people who have similar experiences.
Online Resources
You may also find it helpful to explore online articles, forums, and organizations that offer information and advice regarding gray divorce. Reading stories about other people’s experiences can be a helpful way to learn from the lived experiences of others who have been in the same place as you.
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Know About These Introvert Traits
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Key Takeaways
- Introverts need alone time to recharge after social events, so don’t take it personally if they want to spend time by themselves.
- When dating an introvert, choose quiet activities like having coffee or going on a hike, especially in the beginning.
- Ask open-ended questions and truly listen to your introverted partner to encourage meaningful conversations.
If you’re dating an introvert, you may be struggling to understand your partner and their preferences—especially if you’re an extrovert and in the early stages of the relationship. To non-introverted people, introvert dating can be a bit perplexing. After all, introverts are polar opposites of extroverts.
Where an extrovert enjoys large parties and going out, introverts might prefer a quiet evening with close friends. And while extroverts enjoy spending lots of time in social situations an introvert will become fatigued and need time to recharge after time spent in social settings. As a result, if you’re an extrovert, a lot of what an introvert does will not make sense to you.
Plus, it’s very easy to misinterpret their need for alone time as an indicator that they are just not that into you. To keep you from making false assumptions, it’s important that you know what makes an introvert tick when it comes to dating relationships. Here’s what you need to know if you’re dating an introvert.
What It’s Like Dating an Introvert
Before you can fully understand what dating an introvert means, you need to know what introversion is—and what it isn’t. Overall, introversion is a personality trait where the person focuses more on internal feelings rather than on external sources of stimulation.
Typically, people who are introverted have a small group of close friends, enjoy solitude, and find large groups or parties draining at times. They also are very self-aware, enjoy observing people and situations, and are drawn to careers that foster independence. Introverts like to be alone because they require a lower amount of social stimulation.
When it comes to introversion, there also are a number of different misconceptions despite the fact that introverts make up about one-third to one-half of the world’s population.
In fact, many introverts report being misunderstood. When they are quiet, people often assume that something must be wrong or that they are angry or depressed. Sometimes people may even feel that they are standoffish or aloof.
Instead, most introverts may be quiet, simply because they don’t feel the need to be the center of attention. They prefer to observe their environment and the people around them. And, they are usually more reserved in what they share about themselves with other people preferring to get to know someone before opening up.
What’s more, introversion is not an oddity or a weakness. Both introversion and extraversion have been identified in almost every species of the animal kingdom including even fruit flies.
For instance, there are fruit flies that will sit quietly in one place while others will roam around and explore their environment. Some researchers believe that each approach provides a unique survival strategy and is vital depending on the situation. The same is true for humans.
Sometimes it is beneficial to be an extrovert and sometimes it is beneficial to be an introvert. Both personality traits have value and importance.
Understanding this fact is essential because it keeps you from assuming that one personality trait is preferred over the other. Instead, just accept that extroverts and introverts are different.
Types of Introverts
According to some researchers, introverts can be characterized as one of four types:
- Social introverts who prefer small groups over busy social situations
- Thinking introverts who enjoy daydreaming and tend to be creative
- Anxious introverts who prefer to be alone because they feel awkward in social situations
- Restrained/inhibited introverts who tend to be reserved and think carefully before taking action
Many introverts are actually a mix of two or more different types.
Characteristics of Introvert Dating
In order to become more understanding when dating an introvert, it is important to first know more about the characteristics of introversion. These traits can have a significant impact on how introverts respond in dating relationships.
When it comes to identifying introversion, it’s important not to confuse shyness with introversion. While it is true that some introverted people might be shy, shyness is not a defining characteristic of an introverted person.
In fact, there are plenty of introverted people who are outgoing. If you want to know what an introverted person is like, it can be helpful to explore some of the key characteristics that introverted people often display:
- Tend to be very observant and process things at a deep level
- Embrace solitude and crave time alone
- Prefer processing their thoughts internally rather than by talking them out
- Choose to share personal information with only a select few
- Prefer writing, texting, and other forms of written communication over talking
- Display less demonstrative emotions than their extroverted counterparts
- Recharge their batteries by retreating and spending time alone
- Become exhausted and over-stimulated by large groups of people
- Feel most alive and invigorated in quiet environments
- Have a small circle of close friends rather than a large circle of friends
- Are great listeners and get to know people on a deep level
- Take extra time to understand ideas before moving on to new ones
- Desire meaningful interactions rather than small talk
The best way to determine whether or not your partner is introverted is to simply ask. When it comes to identity and temperament, people tend to have a pretty good handle on who they are and what makes them tick.
Of course, if your partner is unsure, one way to learn more about one another is to take a personality test together or learn about your love languages.
You could try taking the Myers Briggs Personality Test, the Enneagram, or the Big Five. The key is that you both learn what you can about one another so that you can be sensitive to how your partner operates, their preferences, and their needs in a relationship.
Try Our Extrovert Introvert Quiz
For a fast and free quiz option, try our extrovert introvert test to see where you and your partner fall on the spectrum.
This quiz was reviewed by David Susman, PhD.
Tips for Dating an Introvert
If you discover that you are dating an introvert and you are an extrovert or an ambivert—or even if you also are an introvert—it can be helpful to know how to approach dating with an introvert.
From selecting the ideal date options to giving them their space, dating an introvert doesn’t have to be challenging if you know what your partner might prefer. Here are some tips to get you started.
Accept Them
Too many times, people try to change the person they are dating instead of accepting them for who they are. If you’re dating an introvert, try not to judge who they are or pressure them into being someone they are not. Instead, appreciate what your partner has to offer.
Introverts provide the opportunity for their dating partner to slow down, reflect on things, and become more introspective. Likewise, if you’re an extrovert, you can provide your partner with the opportunity to try new things and meet new people.
The key is forget all the social stigma surrounding introversion. Most of it is highly inaccurate any way. Being introverted is not a weakness nor does it mean that introverts don’t like people or that they are antisocial.
In fact, many introverts do very extroverted things. They also like hanging out with people. The difference is that the introvert will need time alone to recharge afterward and an extrovert will not.
Be a Safe Person
Your introverted partner is more likely to open up and share their innermost thoughts when they not only feel that they will be listened to but also that you are a safe person to share personal details with.
If they feel like they have to constantly compete with you when it comes to talking or if you do all the talking, they will simply listen and not share much.
Make sure you are communicating that they are valuable and important by taking some of the focus off yourself and truly listening to what they have to say. With time, you may discover that your introverted partner is altruistic and thoughtful with a quirky sense of humor.
Make an Authentic Connection
Instead of focusing on doing all the right things in a relationship like calling at the right time, texting consistently, and saying the right things, focus on making a meaningful connection with your partner.
In fact, most introverts desire thoughtful, interesting conversations about something of interest to them.
If you’re not sure what their interests are, ask them. Or if you would prefer, share your passions or your goals. Introverts want a mind-to-mind connection where you share your inner world with them including what makes you tick.You also could try asking your partner questions.
Many introverts will share their thoughts and feelings in response to questions rather than volunteering information. So, be patient and ask your partner.
Just be sure to actually listen to what they have to say and avoid pressuring them if they are uncomfortable answering or feel like they don’t have an answer yet.
By being genuinely interested in their thoughts and providing them space to share, you’re more like to get deeper more meaningful responses.
Pick Appropriate Dates
Knowing that your introverted partner prefers more intimate gatherings or quiet evenings, make sure you choose your dates accordingly, especially in the beginning.
For instance, instead of dragging your partner to a work happy hour event where they will know no one, invite them to have coffee or dinner with you. Take them to a movie, go on a hike, or feed their intellectual side in some way.
After dating for awhile, your introverted partner will be more likely to attend parties with you. But in the beginning, you may want to suggest dates that won’t be overwhelming or impersonal.
After all, how much can you really get to know someone at a work happy hour when your attention will be divided any way?
Look for Compromises
Knowing that introverts get weary at big parties or events with lots of people, look for ways you can compromise in these situations. For instance, maybe you agree ahead of time how long you will stay or perhaps you drive separately so that your partner can leave early if they are feeling drained.
Although you may prefer that they ride out the entire event with you, it is unfair to put those demands on your introverted partner. Besides going and leaving early is better than not going at all.
Keep the lines of communication open too so that you can determine what works best for your relationship. Some couples agree that twice a month they will do something the extrovert enjoys and twice a month they will do something the introvert enjoys. Meanwhile, other couples come up with a code word to use when they are at crowded events.
This way, the introverted partner can signal to the other that they have reached their limit and they are ready to leave. Having this word allows them to bow out of the situation early without making a scene or drawing a lot of attention to themselves.
As long as you both work to respect one another’s differences and preferences, you can have a healthy relationship despite being polar opposites.
Get Comfortable With Silence
Try not to take it personally if your introverted partner needs time to decompress and be alone. In fact, it’s not uncommon for introverted dating partners to prefer not to spend every day together. This need for solitude is almost never about you personally and more about their need to manage the amount of stimulation they have going on in their lives.
Rest assured that once they feel refreshed and revitalized they will be open to spending more time together.
It’s also important to note that sometimes introverts would just rather keep things to themselves—especially if something is bothering them. Unlike extroverts who often process their feelings by talking about them, introverts prefer to process these things internally and make sense of how they are feeling and why before sharing it with another person.
If you find that your partner does this, be patient and give them the space they need. Eventually, they will share what’s on their mind.
Highlight Your Partner’s Strengths
Instead of focusing on what you don’t understand about introversion, focus on what you admire about your partner’s personality type. For instance, if you admire the fact that your partner is so comfortable being alone without feeling lonely, point that out to them.
Or, perhaps you like the fact that they are slow to speak but when they do they offer deep and insightful opinions. Make sure they know that.
Too many times, people focus on the negatives or the differences in their personality types and lose sight of what attracted them to one another in the first place.
Consequently, be sure you are regularly reminding your introverted partner what you love most about their personality. By nature, many introverts are loving, compassionate, and supportive. So, there’s a good chance that they also see many things in you that they admire as well.
Final Thoughts
Remember, introversion exists along a continuum. So, no two people are exactly the same—even two introverts won’t be exactly the same. For this reason, you need to avoid developing an either or view of your partner’s introversion because if you do, you will miss all the nuances that make your partner unique.
Instead, establish good communication habits in your relationship. By continuing to discuss what you both want and need in the relationship, appreciating your differences, honoring your needs, and striving to compromise, you will experience a healthier and more successful dating relationship.
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11 Anger Management Strategies to Calm You Down Fast
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Key Takeaways
- Change how you think and behave to manage anger, using cognitive behavioral interventions to connect your thoughts, feelings, and actions.
- Recognize early warning signs of anger, like a fast heartbeat, to avoid reaching a boiling point.
- Practicing relaxation exercises like breathing or progressive muscle relaxation can help reduce stress and manage anger.
Failing to manage your anger can lead to a variety of problems like saying things you regret, yelling at your kids, threatening your co-workers, sending rash emails, developing health problems, or even resorting to physical violence. But not all anger issues are that serious. Instead, your anger might involve wasting time thinking about upsetting events, getting frustrated in traffic, or venting about work.
Managing anger doesn’t mean never getting angry. Instead, it involves learning how to recognize, cope with, and express your anger in healthy and productive ways. Anger management is a skill that everyone can learn. Even if you think you have your anger under control, there’s always room for improvement.
While anger itself isn’t a mental illness, in some cases, anger can be connected to mood disorders, substance use disorders, and other mental health conditions.
Since unchecked anger can often lead to aggressive behavior, anger management uses various techniques to help a person cope with thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a healthy and more productive way.
So, you may be wondering, How do I become less angry? While change may not happen overnight, there are plenty of strategies you can use to cope with your anger.
Verywell / Cindy Chung
Take the Anger Test
This short, free 21-item test measures a variety of symptoms and feelings associated with anger, such as anger about the present and future, anger towards the self, and hostile feelings toward others.
This anger quiz was medically reviewed by Rachel Goldman, PhD, FTOS.
Anger Management Strategies
Research consistently shows that cognitive behavioral interventions are effective for managing anger. These interventions involve changing the way you think and behave. They are based on the notion that your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are all connected. (Cognitive behavioral interventions are also taught in anger management therapy.)
Your thoughts and behaviors can either fuel your emotions or they can reduce them. So, if you want to shift your emotional state away from anger, you can change what you’re thinking and what you’re doing. Without fuel, the fire inside you will begin to dwindle and you’ll feel calmer.
The best method for managing anger is to create an anger management control plan. Then, you’ll know what to do when you start feeling upset.
The following are 11 strategies to manage anger and to include in your anger management control plan.
Identify Triggers
If you’ve gotten into the habit of losing your temper, take stock of the things that trigger your anger. Long lines, traffic jams, snarky comments, or excessive tiredness are just a few things that might shorten your fuse.
While you shouldn’t blame people or external circumstances for your inability to keep your cool, understanding the things that trigger your anger can help you plan accordingly.
You might decide to structure your day differently to help you manage your stress better. Or, you might practice some anger management techniques before you encounter circumstances that you usually find distressing. Doing these things can help you lengthen your fuse—meaning that a single frustrating episode won’t set you off.
Consider Whether Your Anger Is Helpful or Unhelpful
Before you spring into action to calm yourself down, ask yourself if your anger is a friend or an enemy. If you’re witnessing someone’s rights being violated or you are in an unhealthy situation, your anger might be helpful.
In these cases, you might proceed by changing the situation rather than changing your emotional state. Sometimes, your anger is a warning sign that something else needs to change—like an emotionally abusive relationship or a toxic friendship.
Being angry might give you the courage you need to take a stand or make a change.
If, however, your anger is causing distress or hurting your relationships, your anger may be an enemy. Other signs of this type of anger include feeling out of control and regretting your words or actions later. In these situations, it makes sense to work on tackling your emotions and calming yourself down.
Recognize Your Warning Signs
If you’re like some people, you may feel like your anger hits you in an instant. Perhaps you go from calm to furious in a heartbeat. But there are still likely warning signs when your anger is on the rise. Recognizing them early can help you take action to prevent your anger from reaching a boiling point.
Think about the physical warning signs of anger that you experience. Perhaps your heart beats faster or your face feels hot. Or, maybe you begin to clench your fists. You also might notice some cognitive changes. Perhaps your mind races or you begin “seeing red.”
By recognizing your warning signs, you have the opportunity to take immediate action and prevent yourself from doing or saying things that create bigger problems. Learn to pay attention to how you’re feeling and you’ll get better at recognizing the warning signs.
Step Away From the Triggering Situation
Trying to win an argument or sticking it out in an unhealthy situation will only fuel your anger. One of the best anger management exercises is to remove yourself from the situation if you can.
How to Control Anger Immediately
Walking away from a triggering situation can be an excellent way to take control of your anger. When a conversation gets heated, take a break. Leave a meeting if you think you’re going to explode. Go for a walk if your kids upset you. A time-out can be key to helping you calm your brain and your body.
If there’s someone that you routinely get into heated disputes with, like a friend or family member, talk with them about the importance of taking a time-out and resuming when you’re both feeling calm.
When you need to step away, explain that you aren’t trying to dodge difficult subjects, but that you’re working on managing your anger. You aren’t able to have a productive conversation or resolve conflict when you’re feeling really upset. You can rejoin the discussion or address the issue again when you’re feeling calmer.
Sometimes it helps to set a specific time and place when you can discuss the issue again. Doing so gives your friend, colleague, or family member a sense of peace that the issue will indeed be discussed—just at a later time.
Talk Through Your Feelings
If there’s someone who has a calming effect on you, talking through an issue or expressing your feelings to that person may be helpful. It’s important to note, however, that venting can backfire.
Complaining about your boss, describing all the reasons you don’t like someone, or grumbling about all of your perceived injustices may add fuel to the fire. A common misconception is that you have to vent your anger to feel better.
But studies show you don’t need to “get your anger out.” Smashing things when you’re upset, for example, may actually make you angrier. So it’s important to use this coping skill with caution.
Likewise, if you’re going to talk to a friend, make sure you’re working on developing a solution or reducing your anger, not just venting. It’s unfair to use them as your go-to sounding board. Instead, you might find that the best way to use this strategy is to talk about something other than the situation causing you to feel angry.
Get in a Quick Workout
Anger gives you a rush of energy. One of the best anger management exercises is quite literally to exercise and engage in physical activity. Whether you go for a brisk walk or hit the gym, working out can burn off extra tension.
Regular exercise also helps you decompress. Aerobic activity reduces stress, which might help improve your frustration tolerance. Additionally, exercise allows you to clear your mind. You may find that after a long run or a hard workout you have a clearer perspective on what was troubling you.
Focus on the Facts
Angry thoughts add fuel to your anger. Thinking things like, “I can’t stand it. This traffic jam is going to ruin everything,” will increase your frustration. When you find yourself thinking about things that fuel your anger, reframe your thoughts.
Instead, think about the facts by saying something like, “There are millions of cars on the road every day. Sometimes, there will be traffic jams.” Focusing on the facts—without adding in catastrophic predictions or distorted exaggerations—can help you stay calmer.
You also might develop a mantra that you can repeat to drown out the thoughts that fuel your anger. Saying, “I’m OK. Stay calm,” or “Not helpful,” over and over again can help you minimize or reduce angry thoughts.
Distract Yourself With a New Activity
Ruminating about an upsetting situation fuels angry feelings. If, for example, you’ve had a bad day at work, rehashing everything that went wrong all evening will keep you stuck in a state of frustration.
The best way to calm down quickly might be to change the channel in your brain and focus on something else altogether.
Telling yourself “Don’t think about that,” isn’t always successful. The best way to mentally shift gears is to distract yourself with an activity. Do something that requires your focus and makes it more challenging for angry or negative thoughts to creep in.
Some examples might include deep-cleaning the kitchen, weeding the garden, paying some bills, or playing with the kids. Find something to do that will keep your mind occupied enough that you won’t ruminate on the things upsetting you. Then, your body and your brain can calm down.
Breathe and Relax
There are many different anger management exercises that involve relaxation. The key is to find the one that works best for you. Breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation are two common strategies for reducing tension.
The best part is, both exercises can be performed quickly and discreetly. So whether you’re frustrated at work or you’re angry at a dinner engagement, you can let go of stress quickly and immediately.
It’s important to note, however, that relaxation exercises take practice. At first, you might not feel as though they’re effective, or you might question whether they’re going to work for you. But with practice, they can become your go-to strategies for anger management.
Acknowledge Your Underlying Emotion
Sometimes it helps to take a moment and think about what emotions might be lurking beneath your anger. Anger often serves as a protective mask to help you avoid feeling more painful emotions, like embarrassment, sadness, and disappointment.
When someone gives you feedback that’s hard to hear, for example, you might lash out in anger because you’re embarrassed. Convincing yourself the other person is bad for criticizing you might make you feel better in the moment because it keeps your embarrassment at bay. But acknowledging underlying emotions can help you get to the root of the problem. Then, you can decide to take appropriate action.
For instance, if someone cancels plans on you and your underlying emotion is disappointment, you could try explaining how the cancellation makes you feel rather than lashing out in anger. When you’re honest about your feelings, you’re more likely to resolve the issue. Responding in anger usually doesn’t accomplish anything except pushing people away.
Avoid Suppressing Your Anger
Getting to the underlying cause of your anger is much more effective than suppressing your anger. Though it can be tempting to try to minimize an undesirable emotion, you are likely to cause even more stress by denying your anger altogether.
Create a “Calm-Down” Kit
If you tend to come home from work stressed and take out your anger on your family, or you know that workplace meetings cause you a lot of frustration, create a calm-down kit that you can use to relax.
Think about objects that help engage all your senses. When you can look, hear, see, smell, and touch calming things, you can change your emotional state. So a calm-down kit might include scented hand lotion, a picture of a serene landscape, a spiritual passage you can read aloud, and a few pieces of your favorite candy. Include things that you know will help you remain calm.
You also might create a virtual calm-down kit that you can take everywhere. These are things that you can call upon when needed and are more portable. For instance, calming music and images, guided meditation, or instructions for breathing exercises could be stored in a special folder on your smartphone.
Get Advice From The Verywell Mind Podcast
Hosted by therapist Amy Morin, LCSW, this episode of The Verywell Mind Podcast shares some techniques that can help you relax.
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Why Manage Anger?
Anger is an emotion that can range from mild irritation to intense rage. While many people categorize anger as a solely “negative emotion,” it can be positive. Angry feelings may spur you to stand up for someone or they may lead you to create social change.
But when left unchecked, angry feelings can lead to aggressive behavior, like yelling at someone or damaging property. Angry feelings also may cause you to withdraw from the world and turn your anger inward, which can impact your health and well-being.
Anger becomes problematic when it’s felt too often or too intensely or when it’s expressed in unhealthy ways, which can take a toll physically, mentally, and socially. For this reason, anger management strategies can be beneficial and can help you discover healthy ways to express your feelings.
Why Do I Get Angry So Easily?
There are underlying reasons for our anger; if you get angry easily, it could be the result of something else you’re experiencing such as fear, panic, stress, financial struggles, relationship problems, and/or coping with trauma. As mentioned, mood disorders may cause anger, as well as hormonal imbalances.
Getting Help
If anger has been causing problems in your life and you’re struggling to tame your temper on your own, you might want to seek professional help. Some mental health problems can be linked to anger management issues.
For example, PTSD has been linked to aggressive outbursts. Depressive disorders also can cause irritability and may make it more difficult to manage anger. It’s important to uncover any mental health issues that could hinder your ability to manage anger.
Start by talking to a physician about your mood and your behavior. A physician will make sure you don’t have any physical health issues that are contributing to the problem.
A doctor may refer you to a mental health professional for further evaluation. Depending on your goals and treatment needs, you may attend anger management therapy, during which you’ll learn additional anger management therapy techniques and how to implement them in your daily life—especially when you’re feeling triggered.
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