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In the United States, healthcare professionals consult the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) when diagnosing mental health conditions. The DSM is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).

The DSM has gone through many changes over the years. The shift from the previous version of the manual (DSM-IV) to the most recent version (DSM-5) included a number of significant changes, including the removal of the multi-axial system.

A diagnosis under the fourth edition of this manual, the DSM-IV, had five parts called Axes. Each Axis of this multi-axial system provided a different type of information about a diagnosis.

However, the multi-axial system was done away with starting with the DSM-5.

History of the Multi-Axial System

The APA instituted the multi-axial system in the third edition of the DSM (DSM-III). The Axes were introduced as a way for clinicians to record additional diagnostic information.

In other words, a person diagnosed with major depressive disorder (found in Axis I) may have additional information added to their diagnosis, say, if they lacked a support system (Axis IV) and they posed a risk to themselves or others (Axis V).

Uses for the Multi-Axial System

Organizing diagnostic information into the separate Axes was meant to help clinicians more efficiently diagnose patients and collect comprehensive data.

However, there was controversy that surrounded the multi-axial system, including confusion surrounding the distinction between mental health and medical disorders.

The non-axial system used in the DSM-5 combines the former Axes I, II and III and includes separate notations for the type of information which would have previously fallen into Axes IV and V. The non-axial system seems to be the preferred organization by healthcare professionals who use the DSM.

Axis I: Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders

Axis I provided information about clinical disorders. Any mental health conditions, other than personality disorders or intellectual development disorders, would have been included here. Disorders which would have fallen under this Axis include:

Changes in the DSM-5

In the DSM-5, the classification of Mental Disorders Due to a General Medical Condition was dropped, as was Factitious Disorders and Adjustment Disorders. This means that conditions listed under those categories were recategorized in the DSM-5. Eating Disorders was renamed to Feeding and Eating Disorders.

In addition, Mood Disorders was broken out into two separate categories: Bipolar and Related Disorders and Depressive Disorders. Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders was revised to Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders.

The following categories were added:

Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation

Axis II provided information about personality disorders and mental retardation. Disorders which would have fallen under this Axis include:

Changes in the DSM-5

The categories listed above were kept in the DSM-5 with the exception of Mental Retardation. The DSM-5 changed this to Intellectual Disability.

However, the updated version of the DSM-5, called the DSM-5-TR (text revision), changed Intellectual Disability to Intellectual Development Disorder. Intellectual disability is still included in parentheses for continued use.

Axis III: General Medical Conditions

Axis III provided information about any medical conditions present which might affect a patient’s mental health.

For instance, someone who has cancer and is undergoing chemotherapy may experience mental health issues like anxiety and depression. Their cancer would be considered an Axis III condition because it is a health issue that influences mental health.

Changes in the DSM-5

Any conditions that were previously categorized in Axis III are still documented as mental health concerns in the DSM-5. Clinicians can simply make note of this in order of priority.

Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems

Axis IV was used to describe psychosocial and environmental factors affecting the person. Factors which might have been included here were:

• Problems with a primary support group
• Problems related to the social environment
• Educational problems
• Occupational problems
• Housing problems
• Economic problems
• Problems with access to healthcare services
• Problems related to interaction with the legal system/crime
• Other psychosocial and environmental problems

Changes in DSM-5

Information from Axis IV is now included in separate notations in the DSM-5. These notations can be added on to diagnoses as needed.

Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)

Axis V was a rating scale called the Global Assessment of Functioning; the GAF went from 0 to 100 and provided a way to summarize in a single number just how adaptively a person was functioning overall. A general outline of this scale would be as follows:

• 100: No symptoms
• 90: Minimal symptoms with good functioning
• 80: Transient symptoms that are expected reactions to psychosocial stressors
• 70: Mild symptoms or some difficulty in social, occupational, or school functioning
• 60: Moderate symptoms or moderate difficulty in social, occupational, or school functioning
• 50: Serious symptoms or any serious impairment in social, occupational, or school functioning
• 40: Some impairment in reality testing or communication; or, major impairment in several areas such as work or school, family relations, judgment, thinking, or mood
• 30: Behavior is considerably influenced by delusions or hallucinations; serious impairment in communication or judgment; or, inability to function in almost all areas
• 20: Some danger of hurting self or others; occasionally fails to maintain minimal personal hygiene; or, gross impairment in communication
• 10: Persistent danger of severely hurting self or others; persistent inability to maintain minimal personal hygiene; or, serious suicidal act with clear expectation of death

Changes in the DSM-5

Similar to information previously in Axis IV, information in Axis V is now included in the DSM-5 as separate notations of psychosocial and contextual factors.

Pitfalls of the Multi-Axial System

There were a number of reasons that healthcare professionals found that the multi-axial system was unnecessary.

Many felt that the distinction was arbitrary between diagnoses in Axis I and Axis II. There were concerns that some diagnoses didn’t fit “cleanly” into either category. In addition, there was concern that the GAF (Axis V) didn’t take into account suicide risk and disabilities in individual patients.

Overall, healthcare professionals can successfully diagnose patients—and account for the nuances of each person they diagnose—without the use of the multi-axial system.

There are different forms of marriage. In contrast to the common practice of only two partners marrying one another, societies exist whose members toe a different path. One such form is bigamy. Bigamy is defined as the act of going through a marriage ceremony with one person while legally married to another.

Polygamy is having more than one spouse at a time, so one must engage in bigamy to experience polygamy.

Read further to explore these two notable non-traditional systems of romantic partnership. you will find out there are additional similarities and differences between bigamy and polygamy. Other related practices will be examined as well.

What Is Bigamy?

Bigamy refers to a marriage between two people, where one-half of the couple is already in an existing marriage.

Bigamy can be intentional and consensual, with one spouse marrying a second spouse knowing that their initial marriage remains legally binding and with all parties consenting. It can also be intentional and not completely consensual, where two spouses may not be aware of each other.

It can also be unintentional, as the result of an attempted divorce that was never legally finalized. Bigamy is widely illegal, with all parts of the United States outlawing the practice.

What Is Polygamy?

Polygamy is the general union of three or more people into marriage is known as polygamy. It is quite rare around the world, with less than 2% of the population engaged in this form of marriage.

For most people, this marriage is believed to be reserved for a man and multiple wives. This is, however, not always the case. Polygamy is a general description of a marriage carried out by any gender with multiple partners.

The three types of polygamy are polygyny, polyandry, and group marriage.

Polygyny

When a man marries multiple women at the same time, it is known as polygyny. This marriage is not a popular choice in most societies. This form of marriage has been noted throughout history in ancient Chinese, Hebrew, Hindu, and Arab cultures.

Although it is not common in the United States, with less than 0.5% of people practicing this form of marriage, the highest numbers are in Utah and Arizona. The West and Central part of Africa is known as the “polygamy belt” with some of the highest rates in Nigeria (28%), Mali (34%), and Burkina Faso (36%). It is also observed in certain parts of South America such as the Tsimane of Bolivia.

There are many reasons this form of marriage may be adopted.

1. Girl Births Outnumber Boy Births: It may be observed in areas that have experienced a boost in the birth of girls. It would seem unfair to leave so many women single and without children.
2. Men Die in War: Societies may have experienced war limiting the number of men available to women. Although not obligated or required, Muslim societies allow up to four wives, an option that was made available after a period of war. Polygyny is usually essential for the survival of these societies in certain circumstances.
3. Religious Beliefs: Another reason for polygyny is rooted in religious beliefs. For example, the most well-known religious group that continues this practice is the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ Latter-Day Saints (FLDS) which allows a man to take many wives. The men in this sect are taught that they need to have at least three wives to reach the highest level of heaven.

A man capable of partnering with multiple women is usually considered wealthy. This is because he must have the means to care for them all. If he is not able to take care of all of them equally, he is usually advised to not take more wives.

Forms of Polygyny

Here are the different types of polygyny:

• Sororal Polygyny: The man takes sisters of a family as wives.
• Nonsororal Polygyny: In this case, the man selects wives that have no relation to one another. 

What Is Polyandry?

Polyandry is a marriage practice where one woman has more than one husband at a time. Polyandry is observed in very limited communities. However, in societies where this is practiced, it is usually because there is a shortage of women to men. 

The Mosuo people in China are a matrilineal society known to practice matrilineal polyandry, where men and women are free to have multiple partners and to begin or end relationships as they please.

Forms of Polyandry

In a setting where a woman marries more than one man at a time, it is usually with either of two different sets of spouses:

• Fraternal Partners: In this form of marriage, the union is usually between a woman and a set of sibling brothers. 
• Nonfraternal Spouses: Here, women may instead marry a set of unrelated men for husbands. 

Group Marriage

Group marriage is also a form of polygamy. This is an arrangement in which all parties involved engage in a marriage-like agreement. It may include more than one man and more than one woman.

Major Differences Between Bigamy and Polygamy

A union involving multiple partners may be a running theme in bigamy and polygamous unions. However, these relationships are not identical. To distinguish either union from the other, the following should be noted:

Level of Awareness for the Spouses

In typical fashion, spouses of polygamous unions are usually aware of the existence of the other partners. They typically all live together and have agreed to this form of marriage.

With bigamy, however, one or both parties are often oblivious to their partner’s other marriage. In some cases, one spouse may be living a double life.

Different Classifications in the Law

In some countries, bigamy and polygamy are considered legal for men. Usually, a man marries his first wife, and additional marriage ceremonies occur with time. A marriage ceremony joining one person to multiple people at the same time is largely viewed as illegal.

Style of Living 

A bigamist will typically maintain two households to accomodate the separate partners. In contrast, polygamists may keep one household with all spouses present.

The Influence of Religion

Polygamy may be observed as the custom of a specific culture. In other instances, it may receive religious backing. Bigamy may appear temporarily on the journey in a polygamous marriage, but having two spouses in two separate households, does not typically receive cultural backing, nor is it recognized in religions.

Other Similar Marriage Arrangements

Like bigamy and polygamy, other setups exist that deviate from widely normalized monogamous relationships.

These include the following:

Group Marriages

A group marriage takes place where several males and several females are joined together as husbands and wives. This form of marriage is very rare, and may be observed for economic reasons supported by the partners. 

Open Marriage

In an open marriage, the partners agree to have sexual relationships with people outside of their union. These extramarital relationships are not considered cheating, as they are engaged in with mutual knowledge and consent.

Polyamorous Relationships

A polyamorous relationship recognizes that monogamy is only one of the ways romantic relationships may be forged. This relationship type accepts the possibility of loving more than one person at a given time. It is recognized as a non-possessive form of love, where all involved are aware that multiple partners exist in the union.

Polyamorous relationships come in many different forms, including but not limited to: hierarchical poly, anchor partners, triad, quad, polyfidelity, vee, kitchen table polyamory, solo polyamory, polycule, and more.

It isn’t uncommon to hear people say that they hate people. Not just one person, but people in general.

The reality is that no one likes every single person they’ve met. Most people can probably name a few people that they don’t particularly like. However, some people reach a stage where they get so annoyed, hurt, or frustrated with people or circumstances that they feel like they hate everyone. 

Feeling this way can make it difficult for you to go about your life and interact with people on a day-to-day basis. It can cause a lot of conflict in your relationships with family, friends, colleagues, and other people in your life. Hate is also an intense emotion that can take a toll on your health.

This article explores some of the reasons why you might feel like you hate people, how this emotion can affect your physical and mental health, and provides some coping strategies that may be helpful. 

What Does It Mean to Hate Someone?

Hatred can be defined as feelings of contempt, animosity, and ill will toward someone or a group of people. It is sometimes described as the opposite of love.

Babies are not born with feelings of hatred or prejudices toward people, however, they may learn to feel this way over time. At an early age, babies naturally begin to feel frustration, anger, fear, and disgust in response to negative experiences and discomfort in their environment. But true hatred is acquired through experience.

Reasons Why You Might Hate People

What causes you to hate people? There are a number of reasons, but some possible explanations for why you might feel this way include:

• History of being hurt: Intense feelings can arise when you are betrayed, mistreated, or abused. These experiences may cause deep emotional wounds, a general mistrust of people, and sometimes a desire for revenge.
• Stress: Stress can make you feel overwhelmed, panicky, irritable, and even angry. Prolonged stress can lead to angry outbursts, which can escalate to the point where you feel like you hate everyone.
• Introverted personality: While some people tend to be outgoing and gregarious, others prefer to keep to themselves. If you’re an introvert, socializing with people outside your immediate circle can be emotionally draining. Sometimes, this can lead to agitation and hatred of people and situations outside your comfort zone.
• Social anxiety: Social anxiety can make it difficult for you to interact with people and lead to emotions like nervousness, fear, embarrassment, and distress. In some cases, people with social anxiety may even react to situations that make them uncomfortable with anger and hatred.
• Ideological differences: Having different political, religious, cultural, or social beliefs and values from others can cause you to feel angry with, and perhaps hateful toward others whom you feel are “against” you, says Kristen Farrell Turner, PhD, a psychologist and educator at Pritikin Longevity Center. Turner says an “us versus them” mentality can induce angry, hateful feelings.
• Low self-esteem: Feeling that you don’t measure up to your peers or family members can lead to insecurity, jealousy, or dislike for yourself. These negative feelings can further lead to irritability, anxiety, and depression. It is human nature to avoid people, places, and things that trigger negative feelings, and we can develop an irrational dislike for people and social situations as a result.

If you feel this way, you might also wonder if it is normal to hate people so much. It is absolutely normal to dislike people or have negative feelings about them. Disliking spending time with others or just generally preferring to be alone can be signs of personality traits like introversion.

However, feelings of constant, pervasive, and intense hatred for others may be a sign of something more serious. Suppose your hatred is causing distress, leading to isolation, negatively affecting your mental well-being, or possibly leading to criminal behavior. In that case, it is important to take a closer look at the causes and consider talking to a mental health professional.

Consequences of Hating People

Turner describes how hate can adversely affect your mental and physical health. 

Impact on Mental Health

Hatred is a very extreme feeling that, compared with other often-related unpleasant feelings like anger or frustration, leaves little, if any, room for connectedness or empathy. 

When you take connectedness and empathy off the table, you reduce your cognitive and emotional coping options.

Hatred may also involve feelings of disgust and contempt. If you are disgusted with everyone, because of the inherent nature of human imperfection, you may want nothing to do with any of them. Perhaps you believe all people are hard-wired to hurt others and destroy the world around them, and you simply have no tolerance for it.

Impact on Physical Health

Hatred is a distressing feeling that requires a lot of emotional energy. Distressing feelings often prompt people to seek unhealthy self-soothing behaviors, such as eating comfort foods or using alcohol or other substances to suppress and avoid their distress.

These feelings may also be combined with a tendency to withdraw from healthy activities such as exercising and spending time with supportive friends and family. 

Also, suppose one experiences the feeling of hate often coupled with the sympathetic nervous system’s fight or flight response. In that case, that person might eventually experience some long-term consequences of chronic stress, such as systemic inflammation. 

So, whether through unhealthy self-soothing to cope with the feeling or long-term sympathetic nervous system activation, chronically feeling hatred toward others could adversely affect your health. 

Coping Strategies If You Hate People

What should you do if you hate people? It can be a distressing and often isolating way to feel, so it is important to take steps to improve your outlook on humanity. Learning to recognize cognitive distortions and negative thinking can help, as can learning to be more empathetic toward others.

Turner suggests some strategies that can be helpful if you feel like you hate everyone:

• Avoid all-or-nothing thinking: If your hatred toward others is rooted in a disagreement with them about a specific issue, try to remember that you can disagree–and even be angry–with others without hating them. Just because you strongly disagree with someone else’s beliefs or behavior does not mean that person is all bad. This type of thinking is called all-or-nothing thinking, and it is irrational. Remind yourself that your feelings of hate are about the issue, not the person.
• Avoid generalizing: If your hatred toward others focuses on a group of people, such as people of a certain race, region, or religion, your thinking is irrational because you are generalizing. You are lumping an entire group of people into one “bad” category and making assumptions about them based on a demographic characteristic.
• Practice empathy: Nuance and empathy are antidotes to irrational thoughts. It’s important to understand that no one is all good or all bad. Putting yourself in someone else’s shoes, while not always easy, can go a long way toward increasing empathy and reducing hate. Just as you have your reasons for your beliefs and behaviors, so do others. 
• Prioritize self-care: It’s important to prioritize your needs and take care of yourself. For instance, if you are stressed out, you may need to make changes in your life. Or, if you are an introvert, you may need to set boundaries that help make you more comfortable. 
• Seek therapy: Therapy can help you explore your feelings and understand why you hate everyone. It can also help you be more empathetic, build healthy relationships, and develop alternative coping skills.

Final Thoughts

Frequently experiencing anger, frustration, or discomfort can make you feel like you hate everyone. These emotions can take a toll on your mental and physical health, and make life a lot less enjoyable for you.

Reframing your thoughts, practicing empathy, regulating your emotions, and changing your lifestyle can help you change your mindset and make things more pleasant for you. If you are struggling to overcome these feelings on your own, a therapist is just a call away.

A sense of entitlement is a personality trait based on the belief that someone deserves special treatment or recognition for something they didn’t earn. People with this mindset believe that the world owes them without giving anything in return.

The sense of entitlement that is seen in children is not always negative. Throughout the stages of development, children depend on their caregivers. However, as children grow older and become more independent, wanting other people’s help becomes less practical and takes away from working toward self-sufficiency.

Signs of a Sense of Entitlement

What are the signs of a sense of entitlement? If you aren’t sure whether someone you know might have a sense of entitlement, read through the following characteristics and see if they apply.

In general, a person with a sense of entitlement has a self-absorbed view of the world and little regard or empathy for their impact on others. In its extreme form, a sense of entitlement may be part of a personality disorder (e.g., narcissistic personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder).

Need for Special Treatment

People with a sense of entitlement think they deserve special treatment. They expect to get preferential treatment and special favors in life without regard for why they should be treated specially. Their view is “the world owes me.”

High Demands

People with a sense of entitlement feel that they deserve more than what they have in life. Regardless of what they have, they always believe that they deserve more. They expect to elevate their lifestyle above that of others without putting in the effort needed to do so.

Expect Others to Do Things for Them

Entitled people feel like people should do things for them because of who they are or how much money/power they have. If they have reached a certain level of success, they feel that everyone should bend over backward to help them.

If someone has a problem with them or does not agree with what they are doing, they will try to make the other party feel as if they are wrong and that it is a horrible thing to disagree with them.

Prioritize Their Own Needs

People with a sense of entitlement put their own personal needs before everyone else’s needs. If you need something, don’t expect them to drop what they are doing and help you.

Melodramatic

When someone doesn’t give in to their demands, they will cause a big scene. They may be very dramatic when something does not go their way. If a friend or family member acts like this, you know it is best to avoid them when this happens. Otherwise, they will try to make themselves look better by bringing you down.

Lack of Gratitude

Entitled people are not grateful for what they have in their life. They may not say thank you or show other signs of appreciation for what they have. This is because they believe it is their right to have everything, so they don’t value anything.

Entitlement About Money, Material Goods, and People

A sense of entitlement tends to be pervasive across their life. They have a sense of entitlement about money, possessions, or friends. Someone who acts this way about one thing is likely to act the same way about everything else in their life. They may be greedy or will take friends for granted instead of being appreciative.

Victim Mentality

Entitled people often act like victims and blame other people or outside forces for their problems. If someone in your life regularly feels like something bad is always happening to them, they probably have a sense of entitlement.

Need Constant Praise

Some people with a sense of entitlement constantly need praise and admiration from others. A sense of entitlement also goes hand-in-hand with narcissism. People who are focused on only thinking about themselves and what makes them feel good may be very demanding of praise and attention from other people.

Secretly Insecure

Some entitled people secretly struggle with insecurity. While the person with a sense of entitlement may come across as arrogant or confident, this can be a cover-up for underlying insecurity or fear of not having enough admiration, resources, or support. This fear and insecurity can also appear alongside depression and self-isolation.

What Causes a Sense of Entitlement?

A number of factors can contribute to a sense of entitlement. It is a characteristic of narcissism, which may be influenced by:

• How a person was raised
• Whether adults gave a child special treatment
• Whether caregivers solved the individual’s problems and shielded them from consequences
• Societal and cultural factors
• If they were indulged and spoiled as a child
• If they were denied things in the past and now believe the world “owes” them to make up for past suffering

A sense of entitlement can sometimes be a symptom of a personality disorder. These disorders affect how a person sees themself as well as others. Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), antisocial personality disorder (APD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are a few conditions that may contribute to a sense of entitlement.

Impact of a Sense of Entitlement

Entitled people have a tendency to adopt self-image goals, often leading them into conflict with others. While they may be able to put up an exterior of being nice and well-mannered on the outside, research shows that it’s all just for show; deep down inside, this is not how they truly feel about themselves or other individuals around them.

Another study suggests that entitlement can be dangerous. Researchers from Case Western Reserve University found that entitled people are more likely to experience chronic disappointment, unmet expectations, and a self-reinforcing cycle of behavior that puts them at risk for harm psychologically or socially.

Tips for Overcoming a Sense of Entitlement

It’s not always easy, but it is possible for people with a sense of entitlement to overcome this feeling and adopt new behaviors in order to achieve their goal of being more independent.

Here are a few suggestions to overcome a sense of entitlement.

Recognize the Feeling of Entitlement

Refuse to let it impact your life. If you have a hard time recognizing the feeling, think about other times when you felt entitled and then notice how much that feeling resembles what you’re feeling now.

Understand That You are Not Entitled to Anything

Unfortunately, the world does not owe you anything. Life is unfair and it’s your job to make the best of what you get in life, not to complain about what you deserve but don’t have.

Give Without Expectations

Find ways to help others without expecting anything in return. How can you serve others without expecting anything in return? Simple: volunteer your time. If you want something in return for your services, consider that what you’re getting is “happiness” from knowing that you have helped those less fortunate than yourself.

Distinguish Between Needs and Wants

Learn the difference between needs and wants. People with a sense of entitlement have a problem distinguishing between needs and wants. This makes it very difficult to make healthy, sound decisions since you constantly want more than you need.

Focus on Things You Can Control

Focus on what’s in your control rather than what isn’t. You can only control your own thoughts, feelings, actions, and responses. Stop focusing on what other people are doing or how they are responding to situations. Instead, focus on changing the things that you have some influence over in your life.

Cultivate Gratitude

Practice gratitude for everything good in your life, no matter how small or insignificant it may seem at the time. Consider everything you have in your life right now: a home, family or friends, good health, etc.

Think of Others

Think about how your sense of entitlement is affecting other people in your life. How have other people been affected by your sense of entitlement? Have you unintentionally made them feel guilty or resentful because they didn’t live up to your expectations?

If so, remember that other people have their own lives to live and their own feelings. A person’s actions toward you aren’t necessarily directly tied to how much you mean to them.

Show Yourself Kindness

Take care of yourself and be kind to yourself because nobody else will do it for you. It might seem counterintuitive, but one way out of self-entitlement is to be kinder to yourself. 

How to Get Help

If a sense of entitlement creates problems in your life and relationships, consider talking to a mental health professional. They can help you better understand the roots of the problem and diagnose any mental health conditions that might be playing a role.

Therapy can help you better understand your thoughts, behaviors, and coping skills. Some types of therapy that can be helpful include:

How to Deal With Entitled People

It can be challenging to deal with people who seem entitled and selfish. Such relationships can create stress and wear on your own sense of self-worth. Some steps you can take to protect yourself and deal with entitled people include:

Establish Boundaries

Clearly explain your boundaries and then call people out if they violate them. Let them know that the behavior is unacceptable and that you will not be able to engage until they adopt a less harmful attitude.

Practice Saying “No”

If someone is making excessive, unrealistic demands, don’t be afraid to say no. Set limits on what you are willing to accept and be willing to deny their requests if they are asking for too much.

Encourage Them to Problem-Solve

If someone demands that you solve their problems, encourage them to seek solutions independently. You might do this by saying, “I’m not able to do that, but let’s think of what might help you do this.” Encouraging people to look for ways to help themselves can foster greater self-sufficiency.

Keep in Mind

Remember, making any sort of change isn’t always an easy journey. But it’s one that will be worth it. If you’re having trouble navigating these changes on your own, consider reaching out to a mental health professional for guidance.

They can help you discover the root of issues that have led to a sense of entitlement.  It’s essential to understand that seeking help from a therapist or counselor isn’t a sign of weakness.  But instead, a sign that you’ve identified a need to change and that you wish to improve your life and relationship with others for the better.

Over time, you can learn ways to address issues of entitlement and how to live a healthy, balanced life.