Find Out If It’s Happening to You

Key Takeaways

  • Love bombing is when someone gives too much attention, love, and adulation early in a relationship.
  • Love bombing can happen unintentionally out of insecurity or intentionally for control.
  • If you want to slow down a love bomb relationship, suggest a slower pace to see how they react.

It’s easy to get swept up in the allure and romance of a brand new relationship. But where’s the line between those excited feelings and straight up love bombing? Our free love bombing test will help you find some clarity.

Who Is This Love Bombing Test For? 

This love bombing quiz is for anyone who’s curious about whether the dynamic of their new romantic relationship is healthy, or if it’s veering into questionable territory. You’ll be able to gain some clarity about whether you’re getting love bombed so you can make informed decisions about how to move forward with this connection.

“Love-bombing is incredibly seductive. When we want to find love, someone showering us with affection, praise, and promises of the future can feel like just what we’ve been looking for,” says Matthew Hussey, relationship expert and author of “Love Life: How to Raise Your Standards, Find Your Person, and Live Happily.”

But, we have to be conscious enough and intentional enough to slow things down so that we can see if their attention and their investment is consistent and holds over a longer period of time,” he says.

What Is Love Bombing? 

Love bombing gets its name because it can feel like you’re being inundated (or bombed!) with sweeping gestures and grand statements.

The other person will often drench you in adoring compliments about how amazing or perfect you are, and big milestones—like saying “I love you,” discussing marriage, or planning lavish vacations—happen very quickly. They may even demand an extraordinary amount of your time under the guise of your newfound connection.

“Love-bombing is what happens when a person gives you an excessive amount of attention, love, and adulation very early in the relationship. [It typically occurs] in an inorganic pace—inorganic for how long you’ve known each other,” Hussey says. “As a result, it can feel both incredibly seductive and overwhelming at the same time.”

He explains that love bombing happens on a spectrum:

  • Pure Naïveté: Some people are oblivious to how strong they’re coming across, and their love bombing can come from a place of insecurity or desire to make you feel special. 
  • Unhealthy Love Patterns: “For some, it can come from a place of idealizing you in unhealthy ways that they aren’t even aware of consciously,” Hussey says. For instance, this behavior may be exhibited by someone who has an anxious attachment style.
  • Malicious Intent: Some people love bomb simply for the thrill of it. In fact, one study found a correlation between narcissistic behavior and love bombing. “Narcissistic types will often do this to get you all in on an intense level for their own validation and supply, where it’s easier for them to control because your guard is down,” Hussey explains. 

Matthew Hussey, relationship expert and author

Love-bombing is what happens when a person gives you an excessive amount of attention, love, and adulation very early in the relationship.

— Matthew Hussey, relationship expert and author

Can You Salvage a Love Bomb Relationship?

When you find yourself in a love bombing situation, it’s important to move forward with a heightened level of caution. If you want to salvage the relationship, it’s possible, but you’ll need to be clear and make attempts to steer the ship into a healthier trajectory. 

“Suggest a slower pace,” Hussey says. “Explain that you like them, but it’s really important to you to go at a pace that’s organic where you can get to know each other better over a little more time, and watch for their reaction.” 

How they react can give you a lot of insight into whether it’s smart to move forward together. If they acknowledge that they got carried away and want to keep getting to know you on these slower terms, that’s an excellent sign you can course-correct. 

However, Hussey says that if they get angry or defensive—maybe even throwing accusations or trying to convince you to do things their way—then that’s a sign they’re not in a healthy place to move forward with a romantic relationship. 

Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
  1. Simpson, J. A., & Steven Rholes, W. (2017). Adult attachment, stress, and romantic relationships. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 19–24. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.04.006

  2. Strutzenberg CC, Wiersma-Mosley JD, Jozkowski KN, Becnel JN. Love-bombing: A Narcissistic Approach to Relationship FormationDiscovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences. 2017;18(1), 81-89.

Wendy Rose Gould

By Wendy Rose Gould

Wendy Rose Gould is a lifestyle reporter with over a decade of experience covering health and wellness topics.


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Asocial vs. Antisocial: What’s the Difference?


Key Takeaways

  • Asocial people prefer to be alone because they feel more comfortable in their own company.
  • Antisocial behavior often involves breaking the law and not caring about others’ feelings.
  • Therapy and support groups can help people manage asocial behaviors and improve social skills.

Asocial and antisocial are sometimes used interchangeably, but they aren’t synonymous. While they can certainly overlap in some ways, there are lots of differences between being asocial and being antisocial. 

Smriti Joshi, lead psychologist at Wysa

Asocial individuals prefer solitude because they feel more comfortable and at ease in their own company.

— Smriti Joshi, lead psychologist at Wysa

Asociality relates to preferring a lack of social interaction and more solitary activities, whereas antisociality relates to antisocial personality disorder, characterized by a lack of empathy and difficulties in maintaining long-term relationships, as well as exploitative, deviant, and criminal behavior.

But what are the other differences? To find out about asocial and antisocial traits, and how to get help, just keep reading. 

Signs Someone Is Asocial

Some of the main asocial traits are as follows:

  • Preferring solitary activities and lack of motivation to socialize
  • Withdrawing from society
  • Trouble or difficulty holding conversations
  • Missing social cues
  • Anxiety or nervousness in social environments
  • Fearing judgment 

Smriti Joshi, psychologist

They are not disregarding other people’s needs and rights, comply with social norms and codes of conduct, and may not be using relationships as a means to their own selfish goals.

— Smriti Joshi, psychologist

Signs Someone Is Antisocial

In contrast, here are some of the main antisocial traits:

  • Engaging in criminal behavior and disregarding the law
  • High-risk, impulsive, and irresponsible behavior
  • Violent behavior
  • Deceiving others
  • Cruelty to animals
  • Theft
  • Lack of remorse or consideration for other people’s feelings
  • Relationships are often a means to achieve their own goals

“When we use the term “antisocial” correctly, we’re usually referring to someone who suffers from antisocial personality disorder,” says Elena Touroni, PhD, a consultant psychologist, and co-founder of The Chelsea Psychology Clinic

“Antisocial behavior often manifests as a pattern of repeated actions that disregard the rights and welfare of others,” adds Smriti Joshi, lead psychologist at Wysa

Differences Between Asocial and Antisocial

The biggest difference between asocial and antisocial people, in Joshi’s view, is that asocial behaviors could stem from social anxiety, with a lack of social interaction becoming a comfort zone of sorts; asocial people may just need more support.

Regarding asocial people, she explains: “They are not disregarding other people’s needs and rights, comply with social norms and codes of conduct, and may not be using relationships as a means to their own selfish goals.” 

Asocial People Prefer Solitude

Joshi goes on to explain that asocial individuals may choose solitude and time alone over social situations. It doesn’t mean that they have an aversion towards others, or that they dislike spending time with people necessarily, but that they just prefer to be on their own more. 

She continues, “Asocial individuals prefer solitude because they feel more comfortable and at ease in their own company.”

Antisocial Behavior Can Often Be Rooted in Selfishness

In comparison, an antisocial person’s preference for solitude might be “driven by a disregard for others’ feelings and rights and ‘using’ their limited selective social interactions as means to achieving their own selfish goals.”

Moreover, antisocial is often used to describe somebody with antisocial personality disorder—it’s a clinical diagnosis.  

Asocial Behavior

  • Can stem from social anxiety

  • Prefer being alone because it feels more comfortable

  • Might be shy or introverted

  • Could maintain long-term relationships

Antisocial Behavior

  • Can stem from a desire to reject others

  • Prefer being alone because it helps them achieve their own goals

  • May have antisocial personality disorder

  • Struggle to maintain long-term relationships

Similarities Between Asocial and Antisocial Behavior

Despite there being clear differences between asocial and antisocial behaviors, there are some similarities too. 

Asocial people prefer to be alone because they feel more comfortable, whereas antisocial people might prefer to be alone because they disregard the feelings of others, or because it will help them achieve their own goals.

“The overlap between asocial and antisocial individuals lies in the common inclination towards limited social interaction or detachment,” explains Joshi. The difference is in their motivations and their impact on others. As mentioned earlier, asocial people prefer to be alone because they feel more comfortable, whereas antisocial people might prefer to be alone because they disregard the feelings of others, or because it will help them achieve their own goals. 

In other words, asocial and antisocial people might both enjoy being alone, or be perceived as shy or unwilling to interact with others or be sociable, but this desire for solitude comes from different places depending on whether they’re asocial or antisocial. 

Examples of Asocial and Antisocial Behavior

Here are some real-life examples of asocial and antisocial behavior:

  • Being invited to an outing: If an asocial person is invited to socialize with their colleagues outside of work, they may be hesitant to accept the invitation because of a lack of desire to make friends with workmates or see them away from the workplace. An antisocial person may be opposed to the idea of socializing outside of work, not caring if they offend or upset anybody at work by turning down the invitation. 
  • Being in a relationship: If an asocial person’s partner invites them to a party, they might turn down the invitation because they don’t enjoy socializing in large groups, and prefer one-on-one time at home with their partner—this could be rooted in social anxiety. Someone who’s antisocial might make their partner feel guilty for going to the party, or they will go to the party but be hostile to others there. 

Treatment for Asocial Behavior

There’s help and support out there for asocial behavior. It can often be triggered by anxiety, low self-esteem, or lack of confidence, or can, in turn, trigger social anxiety because the person is used to a lack of social interactions. 

Elena Touroni, PhD

Those with antisocial personality disorder would benefit from psychological therapy. But typically, they won’t seek help because they don’t believe anything is wrong with their behavior.

— Elena Touroni, PhD

Joshi suggests three ways to get help: getting a professional assessment, finding professional mental health support, and joining a support group or getting social skills training. 

“In some cases, asocial behavior might be indicative of an underlying mental health condition, such as social anxiety disorder or depression and resulting asocial behavior could be causing significant distress or impairing daily functioning, it may be helpful to consult a mental health professional for a comprehensive assessment and appropriate treatment recommendations,” she says. 

She recommends therapy for getting to the bottom of underlying issues, exploring potential reasons for asocial behavior, and coming up with strategies for developing social skills and communication. 

As for support groups, Joshi explains that they can help “offer opportunities to practice social skills, receive feedback, and connect with others who may have similar experiences or goals.”

Treatment for Antisocial Behavior

But what about antisocial behavior? “Those with antisocial personality disorder would benefit from psychological therapy,” says Dr. Touroni, “But typically, they won’t seek help because they don’t believe anything is wrong with their behavior. They tend to receive help only in a forensic setting when they have committed a crime.”

However, where people show signs of antisocial behavior—particularly in adolescence, parental affection, communication, and behavior control can have a positive effect, perhaps reducing the risk of these antisocial behaviors remaining into adulthood.

Coping and Management

Social situations aren’t always easy, whether you have asocial or antisocial traits or not. However, there are things that you can do to help you manage them. 

Find a balance between socializing and spending time alone by setting boundaries, and gradually exposing yourself to social situations if you have anxiety around them.

You might decide to make changes to your lifestyle to help you manage social situations better in the long term.

Find a balance between socializing and spending time alone by setting boundaries, and gradually exposing yourself to social situations if you have anxiety around them. This ties into self-care, too. This could involve anything like:

Journaling and using mental health tools like Wysa can help too, making you more self-aware in terms of the factors causing the behavior—it can help you decide whether you need to seek external support. Joshi says: “Surround oneself with supportive and positive influences. Seek out individuals who can provide guidance, encouragement, and accountability throughout the process of change.”


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Fight, Flight, Freeze, & Fawn

Key Takeaways

  • Fear responses happen automatically and are designed to keep us safe.
  • There are four types of fear responses: fight, flight, freeze, and fawn.
  • Mindfulness can help us notice when we’re having a fear response and make a different choice.

The emotion of fear is a core part of the human experience. Our brains are wired to experience fear as a way to warn us that we might be in danger, such as when faced with a bear in the woods. But what happens when we feel afraid?

Discover how this emotion impacts the brain and the responses this can create, namely fight, flight, freeze, and fawn. Continue reading to also learn whether we can change our fear responses when faced with scary situations.

Fear and the Brain

The experience of fear begins in the amygdala, the part of the brain that processes many of our emotions. When the amygdala is activated due to possible danger, it elicits the fear response. This can happen when:

  • We are in actual danger
  • We believe we are in danger
  • We experience “scary” stimuli (like a horror movie, for example)
  • The amygdala is artificially stimulated

While the amygdala processes emotional experiences, the frontal lobe and prefrontal cortex control things like language and impulse control. When we experience fear, our brain re-routes energy to the amygdala, slowing down processing in other areas. That is why it can be difficult to speak or make rational decisions when we are afraid.

Although some form of damage to the brain can impair fear responses, most people feel afraid sometimes.

Fear Responses

When we experience fear and the amygdala is activated, our brain makes quick decisions about what to do next. Its goal is to keep us safe, seeking the choice that will get us away from perceived danger with minimal harm. This response can be described through four categories: fight, flight, freeze, and fawn.

Fight

The mystic Rajneesh once said that “anger is fear in disguise,” and this succinctly sums up the fight response. When the brain perceives danger, it might choose to try and fight off the threat. This can manifest as a physical or verbal altercation and is accompanied by an intense angry feeling.

When we experience the fight response, our brain is trying to ward off danger by defeating it. If the danger is real and can be overcome with physical strength, this can be an effective tool to keep us safe. But when the perceived danger is not truly a threat, this response can get us into trouble.

Flight

If our brain does not feel that it can successfully fight off danger, it may decide to try and escape, triggering a flight response. Essentially, this fear response involves trying to get as far away from the dangerous situation as quickly as possible. If the danger is something that can be outrun, the flight response can be effective.

Freeze

Another fear response is to freeze or to try to be very still and quiet until the danger passes. Some people with social anxiety disorder experience selective mutism, where they find themselves unable to speak in anxiety-provoking situations. Their vocal cords become paralyzed due to fear, and they are unable to speak until the anxiety passes. This is an example of the freeze response at work.

Evolutionary theories suggest that the freeze response might be the brain’s attempt to avoid detection by predators by essentially holding very still until the threat goes away. The fear response shuts down the body’s ability to move, causing the person to literally feel frozen or stuck until the fear passes.

Fawn

“Fawning” is a fear response where the brain decides to try and please whoever is triggering the fear to prevent them from causing harm. It’s common for survivors of trauma to engage in this people-pleasing response as a way to try to avoid abuse by keeping the abuser as happy as possible. This can also manifest as compliance to avoid being hurt.

If someone complies with an aggressor to reduce the risk of physical harm, they are not consenting to abuse. Their brain is simply trying to keep them as safe as possible in a bad situation.

Can You Change Your Fear Response?

Because the four fear responses are chosen so quickly, we are typically not actively deciding which is most effective or appropriate in a given situation. These processes happen automatically because when we are in danger, there is often no time to sit and weigh our options. Our brain simply does its best in the moment.

Unfortunately, this means we may not make the most effective decision when the amygdala is activated. For example, a person might lash out at their spouse due to a fight response when feeling anxious about work. Or they may freeze and be unable to deliver an important presentation.

When someone has a history of trauma, their brain might become more likely to activate fear responses.

Mindfulness of our emotions can help us notice when we are having a fear response and enable us to try to reactivate the logical part of our brain. When we notice that we are experiencing this response, we can try and make a different choice. Research shows we can train ourselves to respond differently to fear.

When Fear Responses May Be an Issue

Because fear is one way our brain keeps us safe, it would not be healthy to never experience a fear response. For example, early humans who did not experience fear probably tried to pet the saber tooth tiger instead of hiding, a choice that probably did not end well for them.

We want our brains to accurately perceive whether or not something is a threat and make the best choice to keep us safe. But if you find that you avoid situations that are not actually dangerous (such as social situations), get into frequent arguments, or put others’ wants and needs ahead of your own to your detriment due to fear, there may be something else going on.

Frequent, intense fear responses when there is not an actual threat can be a sign of anxiety, for instance. With anxiety, fear responses can occur when there is no danger or may be more intense than the situation requires. Fortunately, anxiety can be effectively treated through therapy and medication.

Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
  1. Inman CS, Bijanki KR, Bass DI, Gross RE, Hamann S, Willie JT. Human amygdala stimulation effects on emotion physiology and emotional experienceNeuropsychologia. 2020;145:106722. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.019

  2. Andrewes DG, Jenkins LM. The role of the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in emotional regulation: implications for post-traumatic stress disorderNeuropsychol Rev. 2019;29(2):220-243. doi:10.1007/s11065-019-09398-4

  3. Klumpers F, Morgan B, Terburg D, Stein DJ, van Honk J. Impaired acquisition of classically conditioned fear-potentiated startle reflexes in humans with focal bilateral basolateral amygdala damage. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2015;10(9):1161-1168. doi:10.1093/scan/nsu164

  4. Muris P, Ollendick TH. Selective mutism and its relations to social anxiety disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2021;24:294-325. doi:10.1007/s10567-020-00342-0

  5. Lojowska M, Ling S, Roelofs K, Hermans EJ. Visuocortical changes during a freezing-like state in humansNeuroImage. 2018;179:313-325. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.013

  6. Bailey R, Dugard J, Smith SF, Porges SW. Appeasement: replacing Stockholm syndrome as a definition of a survival strategy. Eur J Psychotramatol. 2023;14(1):2161038. doi:10.1080/20008066.2022.2161038

  7. Norrholm SD, Glover EM, Stevens JS, et al. Fear load: The psychophysiological over-expression of fear as an intermediate phenotype associated with trauma reactions. Int J Psychophysiol. 2015;98(2):270-275. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.11.005

  8. Wendt J, Löw A, Weymar M, Lotze M, Hamm AO. Active avoidance and attentive freezing in the face of approaching threat. NeuroImage. 2017;158:196-204. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.054

  9. Dymond S, Dunsmoor JE, Verfliet B, Roche B, Hermans D. Fear generalization in humans: Systematic review and implications for anxiety disorder research. Behav Ther. 2015;46(5):561-582. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.10.001

  10. Bandelow B, Michaelis S, Wedekind D. Treatment of anxiety disorders. Dialog Clin Neurosci. 2017;19(2):93-107. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2017.19.2/bbandelow

Headshot of Amy Marschall

By Amy Marschall, PsyD

Dr. Amy Marschall is an autistic clinical psychologist with ADHD, working with children and adolescents who also identify with these neurotypes among others. She is certified in TF-CBT and telemental health.


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Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Coping

Key Takeaways

  • Anxiety can cause hives, which are itchy, red, and swollen welts on the skin.
  • If you have hives that last more than a day or worsen, it’s best to see a doctor.
  • Wearing loose clothes and using cold compresses can help soothe hives.

Hives are puffy, raised welts that most commonly appear on the skin as a result of an allergic reaction, but there are actually a number of different things that can cause people to break out in hives, including anxiety. When this happens, people can develop an itchy rash on the skin known as an anxiety rash (sometimes called anxiety hives or a stress rash).

Stress is a normal part of daily life. But when that stress goes unchecked, or when it’s actually undiagnosed anxiety, it can come with a host of negative side effects. If you have hives and cannot pinpoint any other cause, anxiety could be the culprit and it’s worth consulting a doctor or mental health professional to confirm.

What Are the Symptoms of an Anxiety Rash?

Stress rashes often appear as hives, also known as urticaria, which tend to be:

  • Itchy: The rash can be itchy, or it could burn or sting.
  • Red/blotchy: The welts can also vary in color.
  • Swollen/puffy: The skin will swell in areas, and shapes and edges are obvious. Swelling can also occur underneath the skin, which is called angioedema.

Hives can appear anywhere on the body. However, an anxiety rash on the face, neck, and chest are some of the most common. While they may initially start as tiny red bumps like a typical rash, stress rashes often become larger welts or patches that worsen after scratching them.

Individual hives can be as large as dinner plates, but smaller hives can also merge so that they appear to cover a large portion of the body.

How Long Do Anxiety Rashes Last?

Most anxiety rashes disappear within 24 hours; however, if you’re still seeing hives after a couple of days, it’s recommended that you consult a dermatologist.

What Causes an Anxiety Rash?

Hives are often the result of an allergic reaction to something in your environment. But emotional stress can cause a rash, too. This is because stress can trigger a response in the sympathetic nervous system, leading to the release of histamine. 

Histamine is a compound that is normally produced by the body in response to injury, allergies, and inflammatory reactions, but it can also be triggered by stress.

Most commonly, hives are a result of one of the following causes:

  • Chemicals: Chemicals can irritate your skin or cause an allergic reaction resulting in a rash.
  • Exercise: Exercise can trigger urticaria, but the exact reason for this is not known.
  • Extreme weather: Some people can get hives from being exposed to cold weather, which is a condition called cold urticaria.
  • Fabrics: Some fabrics can cause hives on your skin. Also, some detergents and fabric softeners can cause an allergic or irritant skin response.
  • Foods: Common food allergens that might trigger hives include milk, nuts, soy, eggs, seafood, and wheat.
  • Infection: Viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections can trigger hives and swelling.
  • Medications: Hives may develop as a result of a medication someone is taking, such as aspirin.
  • Pollen: Pollen is a common allergen that can trigger an allergic response, including skin rash.
  • Sunlight: It’s possible to have an allergic reaction to the sun that results in hives in what’s known as solar urticaria.
  • Sweat: Activities that produce perspiration such as exercising and bathing can result in hives known as cholinergic urticaria.

If you’ve ruled out these common causes, it’s possible that stress is a factor.

Is It Anxiety or Something Else?

If you are experiencing hives, you should start by assessing your activities over the last few days. Any unusual changes in your routine or exposure to new things might play a role in triggering hives.

Some questions you might ask yourself to help pinpoint the cause include:

  • When did the symptoms start?
  • Have you switched laundry detergents or soaps?
  • Have you eaten anything that you normally don’t eat?

If you cannot pinpoint another cause and you have been experiencing a great deal of stress, your hives might be a stress rash.

Stress rashes tend to appear most commonly in women during their 30s, 40s, and 50s. People who have had allergic hives in the past are also at a higher risk of experiencing anxiety hives.

How Is an Anxiety Rash Treated?

If you are experiencing a stress rash, it’s important to find ways to relieve your immediate symptoms in the short-term while also looking for ways to lower your stress over the long term.

Care for Your Skin

You can ease some of the uncomfortable physical symptoms of hives by wearing loose-fitting clothing and avoiding hot water. Topical steroids such as hydrocortisone cream and applying cold compresses can also help relieve the itching and irritation caused by the hives.

Stress Rash Home Remedies

Some topical treatments such as oatmeal baths or applying aloe vera to a stress rash may help reduce inflammation. However, it’s best to check with a doctor prior to treating your rash at home.

Take an Antihistamine

Over-the-counter products such as Benadryl (diphenhydramine), Claritin (loratadine), and Allegra (fexofenadine) can help relieve hives.

For more severe cases of hives, a doctor may prescribe a corticosteroid such as prednisone.

Use Stress Management Techniques

If you are feeling acute stress, try some fast-acting stress relievers that may help provide some more immediate relief. Deep breathing can be an effective way to calm your body and mind, but other strategies like taking a walk around the block or doing a few minutes of quiet meditation can also help.

If your hives are accompanied by other symptoms of an allergic reaction such as swelling of the face or lips, wheezing, or difficulty breathing, you should seek immediate medical attention. It may be a sign of a serious, possibly life-threatening allergic reaction.

You should also talk to a doctor if your hives worsen or last longer than six weeks. Hives that persist longer than six weeks are considered chronic and may not go away on their own without medical attention.

Preventing Anxiety Rashes

If you are prone to stress rashes, it is important to learn how to identify your triggers and be proactive about preventing stress and stress rash from happening in the first place. 

If you are experiencing a stress rash, it may be a sign that you need to find a way to better manage stress and anxiety. It’s important to build good stress coping techniques.

Challenge Negative Thoughts

Negative thoughts can cause feelings of anxiety. Learning how to identify and then challenge these negative thoughts can help you replace them with more realistic, positive ones.

Change Your Situation

If there is something in your life that is causing a great deal of anxiety, think about what you can do to change the situation. This might involve delegating some tasks to others, cutting back on your commitments, or setting boundaries with others. 

Try Journaling

Research suggests that expressive writing may be helpful for reducing feelings of anxiety. Consider keeping a journal where you write about things that you are experiencing or some of the things for which you are grateful. 

Consider Professional Treatment

Anxiety can have a serious effect on your life and can become worse over time if left untreated. If you feel like your anxiety is creating significant distress or making it difficult to function normally in your daily life, talk to a mental health professional. Effective treatments are available that can help you get your anxiety under control.

Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
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Kendra Cherry

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the “Everything Psychology Book.”


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How to Manipulate a Narcissist When You’re in Danger


Key Takeaways

  • If you can’t escape, use flattery to manage a narcissist.
  • Set and keep clear boundaries to protect yourself.

A narcissist is a person who has an inflated sense of self-importance. They often have a deep need to be admired. They revel when they are in the spotlight and pout when they are not. It’s important not to conflate being vain or self-centered with narcissism. Narcissism is a diagnosable personality disorder, and most narcissists have little to no emotional intelligence and lack empathy for even the people closest to them, such as family, friends, or romantic partners.

While not all narcissists are dangerous, you’re at risk of putting yourself in emotionally or physically dangerous situations when you have one in your life. While they might seem incredibly confident, narcissists often have fragile self-esteem, and it’s easy to set them off.

They desperately need validation and might lash out when the people closest to them don’t constantly feed their egos. The narcissist’s need for praise and validation and desire to mask their insecurities can potentially save your life if you find yourself in a dangerous situation with one.

Narcissists are known for their grandiose self-image, the need for reverence, and their lack of empathy towards others. But beneath this deceptive facade lie some deep-seated insecurities and vulnerabilities, like fear of failure or rejection, that can be recognized and strategically used against them in times of dire need or danger, says Lindsey Tong, LCSW, the Clinical Director at Profound Treatment.

When one finds themselves in potentially dangerous interactions with someone exhibiting narcissistic behaviors, understanding how to temporarily influence their behavior can be crucial. That said, it’s important not to make assumptions, as it may be more difficult than you think to recognize true narcissism.

This article outlines how understanding and carefully manipulating a narcissist’s vulnerabilities can save you from harm in potentially unsafe scenarios. These strategies are not recommended for communicating within a healthy relationship, or within a relationship that you plan to stay in long-term. Manipulation should only be considered if it’s the safest way to navigate a dangerous situation.

If you feel you are at risk of physical or psychological harm from someone you have a relationship with, leave the situation and seek safety. The following strategies are to be used only when escape is not an option or you are not in imminent threat of harm.

Strategies for Manipulating a Narcissist

If there’s a narcissist in your life, it’s crucial to learn ways to manage their behavior and protect yourself, especially in situations where your safety is at risk. These strategies can help you manage such situations and give you the time needed to safely exit the relationship if you feel you’re at risk of being physically or psychologically harmed.

If you’re not having your needs met, whether the narcissist in your life is a friend or a romantic partner, it may be time to consider ending that relationship.

Fawning and Flattery Techniques

Using fawning and flattery is one of the most effective ways to manage a narcissist when they’re being difficult. Narcissists delight in anyone who showers them with praise. Appealing to their vanity can help you temporarily pacify them, giving yourself time and space to remove yourself from a problematic situation or get them to behave more positively.

If they are fussy about their appearance, compliment them effusively. Tell them they have a great sense of fashion or that they look attractive. Don’t hold back on praise, even when it seems undeserved. Make them feel valued by asking for their opinion or guidance, even with little things you likely don’t need help with. Fawning and flattery can help the narcissist in your life be more cooperative and less volatile.

Narcissists mask their insecurities with a false sense of superiority. And knowing that they’re seeking validation from others is what one can use to their advantage.

Tactful praise will most likely disarm them and possibly make them vulnerable, which a victim can use to their advantage to escape a situation, says Dr. Leslie Sanders, the Program Director at AToN Center, a Drug and Alcohol Treatment Center.

Appealing to Their Ego

No one has a bigger ego than a narcissist, and knowing when and how to appeal to their ego can help you skillfully gain temporary control over their actions and behavior. It’s crucial not to overplay your hand; try to be subtle and seemingly genuine. For instance, if a situation at work is causing them to lash out at you, prop up their ego by emphasizing their importance to the team or project.

Another way to boost their ego is to ask for their opinions and guidance on even the small stuff. Their inflated sense of self makes them feel not just valued and respected but indispensable in your life. Asking questions like “What would you suggest I do here?” or “How would you handle this challenge?” gives them a sense of control and importance.

Narcissists will typically try to make anyone who opposes them wrong, whereas they’ll befriend someone who agrees with their false sense of grandiosity. By adding to their ego, a narcissist will definitely confide in you in some capacity, which, again, can be leveraged, says Dr. Sanders.

Leveraging Their Insecurities

It might seem at odds with their overly confident personalities, but most narcissists are riddled with insecurities. You can take advantage of these vulnerabilities to control their behavior when worried for your well-being. Pay attention to the things that make them defensive or overly sensitive; these are usually their areas of insecurity.

Using a person’s insecurities against them likely goes against your ethos. It can also cause them long-term psychological harm and even escalate the situation you are trying to manage, especially if the narcissist feels exposed or humiliated. It’s crucial to use this strategy carefully, focusing on protecting yourself rather than maliciously hurting the other person.

While the intention behind this might be self-protection, one should also reflect on moralities that lie within deceitfulness, says Dr. Michelle Dees, a board-certified psychiatrist at Luxury Psychiatry Medical Spa. Ethics are not fixed, and their surroundings change depending on the intent and context involved in manipulating others’ behavior towards us.

For instance, manipulation can be seen as justifiable under the self-defense principle, where there is no other way out than manipulating, even though temporary measures should only apply until the danger subsides.

In certain situations, the narcissist may respond by lashing out. They may retaliate by becoming more hostile or also prey on your insecurities, creating a vicious cycle of negativity that will likely be more harmful to you than them. So, it’s essential to be tactful and focus on de-escalating the situation.

Your goal should be finding ways to navigate the relationship safely, not perpetuating harm. Use this strategy only when necessary to protect yourself or diffuse a dangerous situation.

Creating a False Sense of Control

When a narcissist believes they are in control, you can subtly guide them away from behaviors and actions that may be harmful to you. Narcissists feel a need to dominate people and situations; if they sense they are not in control, they may lash out. Creating a false sense of control doesn’t require relinquishing your power. Frame your ideas and requests as if they’re theirs so they feel like they are in the driver’s seat.

Another approach is to offer limited choices that lead to the same outcome you desire. Presenting options allows them to feel they are making the decision. For example, if you need them to complete a task, you might say, “Would you prefer to handle this project today or tomorrow?” Regardless of their choice, the task gets done within your required timeframe.

You can also weave in other techniques, such as appealing to their ego or fawning over them. When they make a decision beneficial to you, overpraise them; not only will this boost their ego, but it’ll also encourage them to continue making similar decisions that work in your favor. 

Ethical Considerations and Potential Consequences

Manipulation is one of a narcissist’s favorite tools for dominating and controlling other people. While it may seem justified to employ the same strategy against them for your safety, any scenario in which you influence another person’s behavior for your benefit requires some level of deceit, which can harm the narcissist emotionally and undermine your image with not just them but also people close to you observing the dynamic between you and the narcissist.

To put it bluntly, manipulating others shouldn’t feel good, even if it is done with good intentions.

Manipulation is defined as the act of controlling someone’s behavior or feelings without getting their permission, says Dr. Dees. This poses a grave ethical concern, especially regarding respecting an individual’s autonomy. It is important to consider what could happen if we ignore somebody else’s right to decide for themselves.

The narcissist may also have a history of trauma or mental health problems, which can be worsened through manipulation, thus underscoring again how crucial it is that we think deeply before pursuing such tactics.

It may not seem like it at the moment when you’re trying to save yourself from harm, but it’s possible to cause even more emotional damage to a narcissist than they may cause to you when you use some of these techniques. Manipulating a narcissist also only provides short-term relief or control; it’s not a healthy long-term plan if you choose to keep the narcissist in your life.

Risks of Manipulation Tactics

In many cases, it’s nearly impossible for you to be a more skillful manipulator than a narcissist, which can lead to many of these strategies backfiring. Narcissists tend to be well-versed in these tactics and possess a high level of emotional intelligence to identify when these familiar strategies are being employed.

Narcissists tend to thrive on dominating and ‘winning’ conflict with their enemies. It may be prudent to tone down these strategies or back away from the narcissist towards the goal of self-preservation instead of trying to beat them at their own game of manipulation.

If a narcissist realizes they are being manipulated, they might retaliate by becoming even more aggressive or hostile and even choose to seek revenge against you. This reaction will only escalate the situation you’re trying to remove yourself from.

Controlling someone constantly is exhausting, especially if it goes against your nature. It can take a massive toll on your mental and emotional health, causing anxiety and making you disconnect from your true self. When deciding whether to use manipulation as a strategy to protect yourself when dealing with a narcissist, consider the personal costs to you and your mental health.

To sum up, although it appears reasonable enough to manipulate a narcissist for immediate safety concerns, this approach has many ethical problems that might have long-term effects on both parties involved, so alternative methods need consideration wherever possible, like seeking help from professionals in the mental health field or reporting the matter to authorities, Dr, Dees adds.

Exploring Healthier Alternatives

Manipulation is risky and unethical. It should be your absolute last resort if you find yourself backed into a corner by a narcissist with no way out. It would help if you first utilized healthier strategies to maintain your relationship with them (if that is your goal). Set clear boundaries and communicate openly with them. Call them out when they’re being manipulative and controlling. 

You don’t have to do this alone; it’s easy to become overwhelmed quickly. Get the help of a therapist who can equip you with more sustainable and healthier strategies to manage your relationship. A therapist will also help you understand narcissistic behaviors and what triggers them. However, your well-being should be the top priority if you feel threatened or unsafe, not maintaining the relationship with a narcissist.

Focus on therapeutic approaches and strategies to unpack any insecure attachment styles, codependent tendencies, or inherent issues around self-worth that made you vulnerable to being ensnared by this narcissist’s abuse cycle to begin with.

You deserve to step into your whole sense of autonomy, boundaries, and self-compassion, free of toxic influences. We cannot change the narcissist, but we can explore how to rediscover and reauthor our own empowered narrative, says Dr. Daniel Glazer, a clinical psychologist with a special interest in trauma.

Narcissism and Therapy

You may have heard that a narcissist is less likely to admit that there is an issue with their behavior, which sounds like a complicating factor if you want them to speak with a therapist.

In fact, narcissists do seek help, but not in the way you would typically expect. They are most likely to seek help in order to better control or get what they need from others.

People with narcissistic tendencies struggle with self-awareness and often view their problems as the result of other people’s shortcomings. Therefore they will seek out therapy or frame their problems to friends and peers through the lens of the person having total culpability.

Self-Care and Setting Boundaries

Dealing with narcissists can be emotionally draining and mentally exhausting. Prioritizing self-care will help you maintain your mental and emotional well-being when dealing with a narcissist. Self-care doesn’t just look like long walks and bubble baths; it’s also about setting clear boundaries and protecting your space.

How to Set Boundaries

Boundaries are crucial when interacting with a narcissist. Without them, you’ll quickly find yourself accepting harmful behaviors that threaten your emotional well-being. Some effective strategies include:

  • Limit contact: Reduce the amount of time you spend with the narcissist, if possible, helping to minimize the emotional toll on you.
  • Be clear and direct: Communicate your limits and what behaviors are unacceptable. For example, “I won’t tolerate being yelled at. If it happens, I will leave.”
  • Stay consistent: If you set a boundary, stick to it. This way, you reinforce that your limits are non-negotiable.
  • Use “I” statements: When communicating your boundaries, use a lot of “Is” to express how certain behaviors affect you. The focus should be on your feelings rather than accusing the other person. For example, “I feel disrespected when my opinions are ignored.”
  • Get help: Surround yourself with supportive friends and family who understand your situation and can offer support when you’re in a tough spot.

Maintaining Healthy Relationships

Dealing with a narcissist can unknowingly strain other healthy relationships in your life. You don’t realize it when you’re dedicating all of your energy and time to managing their emotions and neglecting other friends and loved ones who are more emotionally healthy for you.

Take time out to nurture relationships with people who are loving and supportive. These healthy connections are especially crucial to provide balance in your life when dealing with a narcissist.

Communicate openly and honestly with other people in your life, especially about your troublesome relationship. It can be tempting to remain quiet sometimes out of fear or embarrassment, but open communication with other loved ones will save you from losing yourself to a narcissistic relationship. Learn as much as you can about narcissism and how narcissists come to be. The more you know, the better prepared you’ll be to handle manipulative behaviors.

You need to be strategic and careful when dealing with narcissists, especially in potentially dangerous situations. While there are many ways to manipulate your interactions with them in your favor, it’s crucial to use these strategies cautiously and only to save yourself—not to cause harm. It’s also crucial to prioritize self-care and set clear, firm boundaries to protect your emotional well-being when dealing with a manipulative person.

Getting Help

You don’t have to do it alone; get other people in your life involved, see a therapist, and if they are open to it, get the narcissist in your life to come to therapy with you. Know, however, that this may be difficult—a narcissist may not be willing to admit there is a problem.

While manipulation can sometimes be necessary to protect yourself, don’t forget that there are potential risks and long-term consequences. Where possible, opt for a healthier alternative, such as getting professional help.

Understanding what makes a narcissist tick can help you predict, prevent, and manage certain harmful behaviors without resorting to manipulation. Books like “The Narcissist You Know” by Joseph Burgo and “Disarming the Narcissist” by Wendy T. Behary provide detailed and valuable information about narcissists and how to handle them.

If you’re worried about your safety, organizations such as the National Domestic Violence Hotline and local mental health services can assist and save you from a dangerous situation. Your well-being and safety should be your most important considerations when dealing with a narcissist. Use the strategies above only in dire situations.


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The Best Dating Apps for Casual Connections


Key Takeaways

  • Dating apps are convenient for finding casual connections because they allow clear communication about relationship goals.
  • Tinder and Grindr are popular options for casual relationships with large user bases and easy-to-use interfaces.
  • Apps like Ashley Madison and Pure prioritize privacy and quick encounters, catering to specific user needs.

If you enjoy the spontaneity and light-heartedness of casual connections, dating apps are an excellent option. They are designed to help you easily connect with people who share your romantic interests. With these apps, you can clearly define the type of relationships and connections you’re interested in and find potential partners across the country and even the world who are looking for the same thing.

Whether you’re looking for someone to go on coffee dates with or have an exciting night out, there’s a dating app with pretty precise features that can help you do just that. Research suggests about half of American adults who are under 30 have used dating apps.  

This article will review some of the best dating apps for finding your next casual relationship and explain why more people are turning to these apps to find romantic connections. Whether you’re new to casual dating or looking for better prospects, these apps can help you find dating fun and flirty again.

Why Use Dating Apps for Casual Relationships?

For many people looking for casual connections, dating apps have become a go-to. While a meet-cute in a bookstore that mirrors a movie scene is an adorable way to meet someone new, dating apps make casual dating much less complex. 

When looking for a casual connection, dating apps allow you to be clear about what you want and find others looking for the same thing. With a dating app, you can often avoid the awkwardness of mismatched expectations. You can be as transparent as you want and find common ground with someone you like before even going on a first date.

Convenience is one of the biggest reasons people use dating apps. Life can get busy, and while meeting people the old-fashioned way is charming, dating apps allow you to find potential connections from wherever you are, letting you work your dating life around your schedule and not the other way around.

You also get to take charge of your boundaries, get to know people at your own pace, and share certain parts of your life only when trust has been established and you feel comfortable. It allows you to gauge whether you’re on the same page and want to take things further.

Diversity is another perk. Dating apps expose you to a broader range of people than you might meet in your everyday life, significantly increasing your chances of finding someone who clicks with you. Lastly, there’s no pressure to make things serious. If you’re clear about wanting casual connections, you’ll find others who respect and share this desire, allowing you to enjoy dating without looming commitment expectations.

Tinder

Tinder is the go-to destination for those looking to keep it casual. It’s one of the oldest and most recognizable dating apps where you’re just a swipe away from your next potential romantic interest. Tinder is ideal for anyone looking to mingle without getting caught up in a committed relationship.

According to Spencer Abel, a dating copywriter, Tinder is by far the most popular dating app in the US. It was originally used as a hookup app and is still used by a younger crowd that is more interested in short-term flings rather than serious relationships. I’d say most of its users are either not looking for any form of in-person relationship or want something transient and casual. Most users are in their early 20s and aren’t ready to settle down for various reasons.

Features

Tinder revolutionized online dating with its simple yet addictive swipe-right-for-yes and swipe-left-for-no features, making finding potential matches on a dating app fun and easy. With Tinder, you can sift through potential matches quickly. If the feeling’s mutual and you both swipe right, it’s a match, and you can start chatting. 

It’s all about first impressions here, with users posting photos of their Sunday best and crafting short, witty bios to attract potential matches. However, features like Super Like, which lets you show you’re really interested, and Boost, which pushes your profile to the top of people’s lists, allow you to stand out and increase your chances of making a connection.

Pros and Cons

On the upside, Tinder is incredibly popular, which means you get a vast pool of potential matches, increasing your odds of finding someone looking for a casual connection like you. It’s fun, fast-paced, and straightforward to use.

On the downside, the app forces you to make decisions that are mainly based on a person’s physical appearance on the fly, which can be a drawback for anyone looking for deeper connections, even in casual dating. While the basic app is free, getting the most out of Tinder, especially if you live in a densely populated city, often means investing in its premium model.

Grindr

Most people in the LGBTQIA+ community may already be familiar with Grindr. It’s direct, fast, and clear about who and what it’s meant for, which is to connect mostly gay, bi, trans, and queer men quickly and efficiently. 

Features

Grindr is well known for its geolocation feature, which makes spontaneous casual connections a lot easier and quicker than with other dating apps. It shows you who’s nearby and available to meet with just a few taps.

The app is straightforward. When you open it, you get a grid of potential matches, you can tap on a profile to view more, and if you’re interested, you simply start a conversation. It’s that easy. The app also has various filters to narrow your search and help you find exactly what you’re looking for, whether it’s someone with specific interests or someone within a certain distance.

Pros and Cons

Grindr’s biggest perk is its efficiency and simplicity. For those looking for casual connections, it lets you find people who are interested without any fluff. It’s a favorite for anyone who loves on-the-fly meetups.

However, its focus on proximity and quick connections can sometimes mean you’re only able to make fleeting connections, which can be a drawback for anyone looking for even a hint of emotional depth. 

Additionally, while Grindr is free, accessing premium features for an improved experience requires a subscription.

Adult Friend Finder

Adult Friend Finder (AFF) is a little different from your typical dating app. It’s designed for people looking for adult fun and casual flings. AFF is known to have a pretty open-minded community of people and couples looking to explore their desires without judgment.

Features

If you’re adventurous, AFF has various features you’ll enjoy. It has chat rooms, forums, live webcams, and more, providing multiple ways for its members to interact and connect.

The platform encourages its users to be upfront about their intentions and desires, creating an environment where you can find matches that share your specific interests and preference for casual dating.

People who use AFF like to keep things light and breezy. Members are there to enjoy themselves and explore within a community of people who know what they want and aren’t shy about it.

Pros and Cons

AFF has a wide and diverse user base, allowing you to meet like-minded people or couples looking for casual fun. The range of features surpasses many other platforms and will enable you to engage in different connection levels with potential matches.

However, if you’d prefer a more wholesome experience, AFF might not be for you. Users can often get graphic, and there’s a clear emphasis on casual and erotic meetings. Also, while free, the most valuable features require a paid membership.

Ashley Madison

On Ashley Madison, discretion is the name of the game. If you’re looking for a confident and casual relationship outside your usual social circles, this app is for you. The app’s slogan is “Life is short. Have an affair,” and it is designed specifically for people looking to step outside their existing relationships or those seeking no-strings-attached fun with like-minded people.

Features

The app offers features that prioritize user privacy and anonymity, like the ability to blur or mask your profile photos and discreet billing options. Users can explore and connect with others based on their preferences and desires, with features that help maintain privacy and confidentiality.

Ashley Madison also provides a travel feature to help people find connections in different cities, making it ideal for people who travel and seek out casual dates in new cities.

Pros and Cons

One of Ashley Madison’s most significant advantages is its commitment to user privacy, which makes it a safe space for people to explore their desires discreetly. The user base is large and diverse, catering to a wide range of interests and needs in casual dating.

On the downside, the platform is primarily geared toward extramarital relationships, which might not align with everyone’s values. Additionally, men have to purchase credits to initiate conversations, which can add up in terms of cost.

Pure

If Pure were a food service, it’d be a drive-through restaurant. It’s quick, to the point, and has no frills. It’s designed for people who want to cut to the chase and have a spontaneous and casual hookup. It does have a unique twist: Everything disappears after 24 hours.

Features

Pure simplifies the dating process. You post a request when you’re in the mood to meet someone, and it only stays visible for one hour. If someone’s interested, they’ll connect with you, and you both get to chat. But watch the clock – when time’s up, the chat and all its contents vanish, ensuring your privacy and encouraging you to live in the moment.

Pros and Cons

The great thing about Pure is its simplicity and focus on privacy. It’s perfect for those spur-of-the-moment days when you’re looking for quick and casual fun. You won’t find long winding profiles or slow-burn connections on Pure. It’s all about living in the moment, but its transient nature means you have to act fast, which can be a buzzkill if you’re not always on standby. And while it’s free for women, men need to subscribe.

Plenty of Fish (POF)

Ever heard the phrase; there is plenty of fish in the sea? These are words POF lives by. On the app, there are a whole lot of choices and potential connections. It’s one of the older dating platforms out there and has a wide user base and laid-back vibe. While it’s geared towards a range of more serious dating preferences, it has plenty of options for those interested in casual relationships.

Features

POF’s standout features are its detailed profiles and personality assessments, which are more in-depth than those of other dating apps on the market. It offers a mix of traditional dating app features with unique twists, like the “Ultra Match” feature, which shows you the top 50 most compatible members. The “Meet Me” option allows you to quickly browse through profiles and express interest, making finding a match simpler.

Pros and Cons

The benefit of using POF is its large and diverse user pool, giving you a wide net to cast for casual hookups or dates. The platform’s detailed profiles can help you gauge compatibility at a glance, making it easier to find someone who’s looking for the same thing you want. On the downside, the site’s free-to-use model means you might have to navigate through more profiles than the average dating app to find quality matches. And while it’s packed with features, the interface can feel cluttered compared to more modern, minimalist apps.

Her

Her is tailored for LGBTQ+ women and non-binary folks. It’s not just a dating app; it’s a community space that provides everything from romantic matches to friendship and social networking, all with a strong focus on a positive and welcoming LGBTQ+ experience.

Features

Her stands out by giving users more than just dating prospects; it includes LGBTQ+ news, events, and discussions that create a sense of community for its members. The app encourages deeper engagement right from the start. Users can like and comment on each other’s photos or responses, creating a more interactive and engaging experience.

Pros and Cons

One of Her’s most significant advantages is its dedication to creating a space that feels both inclusive and supportive for LGBTQ+ members. It provides a safe space for users to express themselves and connect with others with similar experiences and interests. It’s great for finding casual dates or even just new friends who understand the queer experience. On the downside, since it’s tailored to a specific audience, it might not offer the same breadth of options as more mainstream apps. Additionally, while the app is free, accessing some premium features requires a subscription.

Raw

Raw is perfect for those who dislike beating around the bush. With Raw, what you see is what you get, which is excellent for those looking for uncomplicated casual relationships. 

Features

Raw’s main draw is its no-nonsense model, which lets users get down to business quickly. The app is focused on helping you arrange meetups without long conversations or complicated matchmaking algorithms. The interface is user-friendly and allows for quick browsing and matching, getting you from an online interaction to a real-life encounter faster than some of its counterparts.

Pros and Cons

The advantage of using Raw is its efficiency and clarity. Raw delivers just that if you’re looking for casual fun without the bells and whistles. It’s great for those who prefer to be direct and don’t want to engage in small talk or browse through too many profiles. However, the straightforward nature of the app might not suit everyone. Some users might find it too blunt or miss other apps’ deeper engagement. Plus, depending on your location, the user base might be more limited than popular apps.

Our Final Review

Each dating app detailed above offers something different for those interested in casual connections. Tinder is widely recognized for its large user base and quick matching system, making it a go-to for people looking for casual dates or hookups. It’s straightforward and user-friendly, and it has a broad audience. Hinge pays a little more attention to detail, allowing users to showcase their personalities, making it a good choice for anyone who prefers a bit more depth or background on a person they are meeting up with. It’s also easy to use.

Grindr is specifically tailored to the LGBTQ+ community, focusing on immediate, location-based connections. It’s very effective for quick meetups, and its users appreciate its efficiency and directness. Adult Friend Finder is upfront about its focus on adult dating and casual experiences. It provides a platform where users can explore their desires openly and without judgment. It’s known for its more explicit approach to casual dating.

Her caters to LGBTQ+ women and non-binary individuals, offering not just dating options but also a community feel with its inclusive approach. It’s great for those who want a space that understands and respects their identity. And finally, Raw is all about immediacy and clarity, with a no-frills approach to arranging casual encounters. It’s the app for users who want to cut through the chatter and get straight to the point.

Consider Your Needs

There’s no blueprint to follow when it comes to casual dating. You have to choose the app that best caters to what you value, which could be deep conversations, community, or directness. Each app has its strengths, so the best one for you depends on your personal preferences and what kind of casual relationship you’re pursuing.

Casual dating means something different to everyone, says Abel. To some, it means hooking up; to some, it means friendship; and to others, it means grabbing dinner once a month. Understand what this person is looking for before investing in them. If your dating goals don’t align, it might be best to find your lovin’ elsewhere. Also, be sure to check in with the person you’re casually dating to understand if their feelings or desires have changed throughout the course of dating. Many a casual relationship has turned into something different. Be mindful that feelings may change and that you’ll have to adapt or move on.


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Can Money Actually Buy Happiness? Surprisingly, Yes


Key Takeaways

  • Money can reduce stress and improve life satisfaction, but it doesn’t guarantee happiness.
  • Happiness comes from strong relationships and a sense of purpose, not just money.
  • Having financial security is important, but it shouldn’t come at the cost of your mental health.

We’ve all heard the phrase: “Money can’t buy happiness.” But how true is this, exactly? Growing up poor in rural Idaho, I often took comfort in this idea, reassuring myself that those with more money weren’t necessarily any happier than I was. But sometimes I wondered: Am I just fooling myself?

Of course, money can’t replace the deep joy and meaning we find in relationships and experiences. But there’s no denying that financial security feels pretty darn good.

“Money can bring about happiness or a sense of satisfaction that can feel like happiness because it allows security and reduces constant financial anxiety and fear,” explains Sarah Whitmire, LPC-S, ATR-BC, a licensed professional counselor and founder of Whitmire Counseling and Supervision.

Why We Think Money Might Buy Happiness

When you think of happiness, things like friends, family, and life’s simple pleasures often come to mind—not money. So, where does the idea that money can buy happiness come from?

According to Kanchi Wijesekera, PhD, a licensed clinical psychologist and clinical director of the Milika Center for Therapy & Resilience, the origin of this idea is multifaceted. She notes that poverty itself is associated with more stress and a higher risk for mental health issues

“There are some caveats, but it can be harder to feel happy when you’re living under the chronic stress of poverty and all it entails,” she says. “You may not have the same time and energy to invest into your well-being as if you were to be financially well-off.”

She stresses that this doesn’t mean people with less financial means aren’t happy or can’t be happy. But it can be more challenging to feel happy compared to someone well-off.

Kristin Anderson, LCSW, a licensed psychotherapist and founder of Madison Square Psychotherapy, notes that the idea that money can buy happiness is often deeply engrained in many societies.

“These societies often equate financial success with a good life, and it can be easy to get caught up in that idea,” she says. “It’s the idea that financial resources can provide security, comfort, and opportunities, which are all associated with happiness.”

While money certainly does allow people to afford necessities that can improve their quality of life, such as healthcare and education, Anderson says these are no guarantee of greater happiness. 

Money can enhance our living conditions, but it does not guarantee genuine happiness, which often comes from personal fulfillment, relationships, and emotional well-being.


KRISTIN ANDERSON, LCSW

Whitmire explains that modern consumer culture has a role in creating this idea. By promoting the idea that buying goods and services can make us happier, we’re more likely to believe that having more equals being more fulfilled. 

Dr. Wijesekera notes that our own hard-wired tendencies help fuel these beliefs. Even when we are comfortable, we might think we’d be even happier if we just had a little bit more, whether it’s a new car, a better job, or a bigger house. (Hint: it doesn’t).

The Relationship Between Money and Happiness

Money alone doesn’t bring happiness, but researchers have found evidence supporting the connection between financial security and increased happiness and well-being.

According to a 2010 study, higher income does indeed help increase subjective life satisfaction as money can help alleviate emotional pain associated with challenging life events like divorce and poor health. Other research supports the link between financial security and happiness. In fact, studies show that security is particularly connected to happiness in societies where financial instability is more common.

A recent 2023 study has added another layer to this age-old debate by suggesting that higher income levels are connected to increased happiness.

The study found that happiness increases don’t plateau once you hit a certain income. Instead, these benefits continue to grow, albeit at a slower pace.

That said, researchers do note that money isn’t the only factor contributing to happiness. But money undoubtedly plays a huge in creating security, access to resources, and growth opportunities, all of which impact your overall well-being. 

The Limitations of Money in Achieving Happiness

It’s tempting to think that earning a bigger paycheck will be the secret to a fulfilling life. But try not to hinge your happiness on your bank account. Having more money may help increase happiness, yes, but can also bring about diminishing returns if the pursuit of extra cash affects your quality of life.

Studies suggest that beyond a certain income threshold—often cited around $75,000 to $100,000 annually—the additional happiness gains from extra income begin to level off. A boost in salary can make a big difference if you are struggling with basic needs. But you’re less likely to notice the extra income if you are already comfortable or doing well. 

We like to think that money solves all our problems, but the pursuit of financial rewards can be more harmful than good, especially if it costs us healthy relationships and social connections. Sure, having extra cash would be great, but if it means sacrificing meaningful connections with others, are the benefits even worth it?

Our emotional health and well-being thrive on strong relationships and social interactions. What good are financial rewards if they’re overshadowing your relationships and experiences?

I know money solves a lot of problems, but it can’t buy a sense of purpose and meaning. Think of it like this: if your job is financially rewarding but emotionally draining, burnout is inevitable. You can’t appreciate all your hard work and reap the financial benefits if you’re emotionally and mentally exhausted. And no amount of money can make your brain or body feel any less tired.

The Role of Money in Different Aspects of Life

The ability to afford what we want and need is often linked to a higher quality of life. Feeling financially secure can reduce anxiety since you’re less worried about how you’ll pay for life’s expected and unexpected expenses.

“We know financial stability also affords improved access to healthcare, leisure activities, and opportunities for personal growth, all of which contribute to better mental and emotional well-being,” Dr. Wijesekera says.

Financial stress can leave you in a constant state of fight or flight mode, she adds. Access to more money and resources shifts you from survivor mode into a space where you can focus on hobbies, friends, or things that make you happy.

Not having to worry about money allows someone to think about their mental health. They have time and an advantage to think about how they are feeling and doing. They do not have a survivalist mentality and can spend time thinking about their pursuits and how they can thrive.


SARAH WHITMIRE, LPC-S, ATR-BC

In other words, not having to stress about money is what contributes to happiness the most.

“Imagine the difference between constantly feeling stressed about finances versus having peace of mind knowing your needs are met,” Anderson says. “While money itself is not a direct source of happiness, the security it provides can create a more stable environment for mental health to flourish.”

Recap

While it’s important to recognize the relationship between money and happiness, it’s not a silver bullet. True happiness comes from the often intangible things money can’t guarantee including happy relationships, a sense of purpose, and feeling connected to a community.

Strategies for Finding Happiness Beyond Money

There’s no question that financial security can offer comfort and ease stress, but it’s also true that the things that bring us happiness are immaterial.

Some research-backed ways to bring more happiness to your life (that, fortunately, don’t cost money):

Cultivate Positive Relationships

Research has consistently shown that having strong, supportive relationships is essential for mental health and life satisfaction. One 2023 study, in particular, found a significant positive relationship between social support and increased happiness.

Focus on cultivating stronger relationships with your family, friends, and community to gain greater emotional support and a sense of belonging. “Engaging in meaningful interactions and shared activities with loved ones can create lasting memories and strengthen bonds, leading to a sense of fulfillment and happiness that material possessions often cannot match,” Whitmire says.

Dr. Wijesekera suggests building a supportive social network by participating in free community events, joining support groups, or volunteering.

Find Meaning and Purpose

Pursuing a sense of purpose and meaning in your life can also play a pivotal role in your happiness and life satisfaction.

Interestingly, some research suggests that feeling a sense of purpose might be connected to financial success as well. In one study, people who felt a sense of purpose in their work earned more money than those who felt their work lacked meaning.  (Of course, earning more might also help make your work feel more meaningful, too). 

Some experiences like hobbies, volunteer work, and engaging activities can help you find purpose. Dr. Wijesekera suggests exploring inexpensive or free hobbies such as drawing, reading library books, and cooking new recipes. Being open to new experiences can bring a profound sense of fulfillment and meaning that will ultimately help you feel happier.

Practice Gratitude

Gratitude can be a powerful antidote to feelings of sadness and negativity. That’s because regularly reflecting on the things you love and appreciate can help shift your focus away from what might be lacking. Research has found that gratitude interventions such as gratitude journaling increase positive moods, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction.

“Taking time each day to appreciate the good things in your life, big or small, can shift your focus from what you lack to what you have,” Anderson says. “By acknowledging the positive aspects of your life, you can significantly boost your mood and overall well-being.”

Tip From a Clinical Psychologist

Practicing habits such as maintaining a gratitude journal, verbal affirmations, giving thanks, or reflecting on daily blessings can reduce stress and profoundly elevate one’s well-being.


KANCHI WIJESEKERA, PHD

Practice Mindfulness and Other Self-Care Strategies

Mindfulness and other self-care practices are powerful tools for fostering better emotional well-being. Mindfulness centers on being fully present and engaged in the present moment without worrying about the past or future.

One study found that mindfulness was associated with various positive outcomes including higher levels of happiness and decreased anxiety and depression. Other self-care activities like meditation, exercise, and adequate sleep are also low-cost or free ways to enhance happiness.

Dr. Wijesekera recommends trying free apps or online videos to learn meditation techniques. She also says that simple mindfulness exercises like deep breathing and mindful walking can be beneficial.

Spending Time in Nature

Dr. Wijesekera recommends spending time outdoors in nature to help alleviate some of the physiological effects of stress. She points to research on the Japanese practice of shinrin-yoku or “forest bathing.”  This report found that spending just 20 minutes walking outdoors can lower your heart rate, blood pressure, and cortisol levels (a stress hormone).

“Visit local parks, hiking trails, or beaches, which are often free,” she says. “Gardening, even in small spaces or community gardens, can also be a low-cost way to connect with nature.”

Help Others

Anderson also recommends volunteering and finding ways to assist others in your life. “Volunteering your time or doing something kind for someone else can be incredibly rewarding,” she says. “It strengthens your sense of community and purpose, and seeing the positive impact you have on others can be a great source of happiness.”

Recap

While evidence suggests that money increases happiness, it isn’t the only thing that brings joy. Plenty of things bring fulfillment to your life that doesn’t involve boosting your financial bottom line.

Strengthening relationships, going after meaningful goals, and caring for yourself are all proven strategies for improving your happiness and well-being. Focusing on those areas can help you create a more fulfilling life, regardless of your finances.

Remember, happiness doesn’t come from a single source. By incorporating these strategies into your life and building a fulfilling lifestyle, you can find joy and contentment, regardless of your financial situation.


KRISTIN ANDERSON, LCSW


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